Plant Breeding TISSUE AND CELL CULTURE AS AIDS TO SUGARCANE BREEDING . 111 . ANEUPLOID CELLS AND PLANTS INDUCED BY TREATMENT OF CELL SUSPENSION CULTURES WITH COLCHICINE

Cell suspension cultures derived from 8 sugarcane (ISaccharvm species hybrid) varieties were studied. Chromosome numbers (2n) varied from 92 to 191, with a mean at 111, in cells of a colchicine-free suspension culture of F 164 of which the donor's number was 108. The numbers rose to as many as 309 when the cells were treated with 100 ppm colchicine. Similar results were observed for other varieties. Ten percent of pieces of colchicine-treated calli could be differentiated into plants. In total, 182 regenerated plants were obtained. Only 10 of them, derived from 61-1248, showed drastic morphological alterations equivalent to a 5.5% mutation rate. All of the variants were stunted in appearance and had stiffer leaves. Their chromosomal constitution was of aneuploid type with metaphase numbers around 2n = 156 which were much higher than their donor's number, 104. In the esterase zymograms-they had fewer bands than their donor. This confirms the observation that drastic morphological changes are associated with aberrations in chromosomal constitution and/or isoenzymatic patterns. It is suggested that the aneuploid plants can be utilized as parents in a sexual breeding program or in making crosses among.themselves so that hybrid vigor might be created.

[1]  M. W. Bayliss.  Variation of cell cycle duration within suspension cultures ofDaucus carota and its consequence for the induction of ploidy changes with colchicine , 1976, Protoplasma.

[2]  D. Bui-Dang-Ha,et al.  The division of protoplasts fromAsparagus officinalis L. and their growth and differentiation , 1973, Protoplasma.

[3]  R. Miller,et al.  Cell division and plant development from protoplasts of carrot cell suspension cultures , 1972, Planta.

[4]  Ming-chin Liu,et al.  Tissue and cell culture as AIDS to sugarcane breeding. I. Creation of genetic variation through callus culture , 2004, Euphytica.

[5]  Y. Chupeau,et al.  Somatic hybrids of plants by fusion of protoplasts , 2004, Molecular and General Genetics MGG.

[6]  L. D. Gottlieb.  Chromosome numbers. , 1980, Science.

[7]  I. Vasil,et al.  Experimental Production of Pollen Haploids and their Uses , 1975 .

[8]  O. Gamborg,et al.  Callus formation and plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts of rape plants (Brassica napus L. cv. Zephyr) , 1974 .

[9]  M. W. Bayliss.  Origin of Chromosome Number Variation in Cultured Plant Cells , 1973, Nature.

[10]  J. Power,et al.  The isolation, culture and regeneration of Petunia leaf protoplasts. , 1973, Developmental biology.

[11]  P. S. Carlson,et al.  Parasexual interspecific plant hybridization. , 1972, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[12]  D. J. Heinz,et al.  MORPHOLOGIC, CYTOGENETIC, AND ENZYMATIC VARIATION IN SACCHARUM SPECIES HYBRID CLONES DERIVED FROM CALLUS TISSUE , 1971 .

[13]  D. J. Heinz,et al.  MORPHOLOGIC, CYTOGENETIC, AND ENZYMATIC VARIATION , 1971 .

[14]  D. J. Heinz,et al.  Colchicine-induced polyploids from cell suspension cultures of sugarcane. , 1970 .

[15]  A. Maretzki,et al.  Peroxidase and esterase isozymes in Hawaiian sugarcane. , 1970 .

[16]  M. Yassin.  Studies in the Inheritance and Enzymatic Detection of Ratoon Stunting Disease of Sugarcane , 1968 .

[17]  F. Skoog,et al.  A revised medium for the growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue culture , 1962 .