Thyroid disease and osteoporosis.

Prolonged elevation of thyroid hormones has been linked to osteoporosis and increased fracture risk. Whether thyroid hormone suppression also increases those risks remains controversial. Prophylaxis is often appropriate for patients who have had thyroid disorders, with assessment of bone mineral density and perhaps pharmacologic therapy for those with additional risk factors.

[1]  F. Di Stefano,et al.  Use of disphosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis in thyroidectomized patients on levothyroxin replacement therapy. , 1997, Archives of gerontology and geriatrics.

[2]  J. Bringer,et al.  Degree of thyrotropin suppression as a prognostic determinant in differentiated thyroid cancer. , 1996, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[3]  B. Uzzan,et al.  Effects on bone mass of long term treatment with thyroid hormones: a meta-analysis. , 1996, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[4]  C. Albanese,et al.  A slightly suppressive dose of L-thyroxine does not affect bone turnover and bone mineral density in pre- and postmenopausal women with nontoxic goitre. , 1995, Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme.

[5]  A. Galløe,et al.  Changes in bone mass during prolonged subclinical hyperthyroidism due to L-thyroxine treatment: a meta-analysis. , 1994, European journal of endocrinology.

[6]  N. Waugh,et al.  Morbidity in patients on l‐thyroxine: a comparison of those with a normal TSH to those with a suppressed TSH , 1992, Clinical endocrinology.

[7]  P. D. Bewsher,et al.  Measurement of bone collagen degradation in hyperthyroidism and during thyroxine replacement therapy using pyridinium cross-links as specific urinary markers. , 1991, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[8]  L. Braverman,et al.  Long-term L-thyroxine therapy is associated with decreased hip bone density in premenopausal women. , 1988, JAMA.

[9]  K. Burman,et al.  Prevalence of fractures in postmenopausal women with thyroid disease. , 1993, Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association.