Noise in an optical amplifier: formulation of a new semiclassical model

After pointing out some questionable assumptions of the standard beating theory, we formulate a new semiclassical wave theory of the noise in optical amplifiers. The theory is simple yet rigorous and uses a few quantum statements in a classical signal framework. The amplifier is modeled as a 2/spl times/2 port device, and the amplified spontaneous emission and associated noise are shown to be just the amplified coherent state (or vacuum state) fluctuation of the field entering the idler input. The new theory can treat other closely related detection schemes as well, correctly supplying both mean signal and noise.

[1]  O. Nilsson,et al.  Internal and external field fluctuations of a laser oscillator: Part II--Electrical circuit theory , 1986 .

[2]  N. Olsson.  Lightwave systems with optical amplifiers , 1989 .

[3]  John G. Proakis,et al.  Probability, random variables and stochastic processes , 1985, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[4]  H. Haus,et al.  QUANTUM NOISE IN LINEAR AMPLIFIERS , 1962 .

[5]  Field statistics modelling of beat noise in an optical amplifier , 1994 .

[6]  Malvin C. Teich,et al.  Evolution of the statistical properties of photons passed through a traveling-wave laser amplifier , 1992 .

[7]  S. Merlo,et al.  Squeezed states in direct and coherent detection , 1992 .

[8]  W. Root,et al.  An introduction to the theory of random signals and noise , 1958 .

[9]  Malvin C. Teich,et al.  Photon point process for traveling-wave laser amplifiers , 1993 .

[10]  Bruno O. Shubert,et al.  Random variables and stochastic processes , 1979 .

[11]  J. McInerney,et al.  Detailed analysis of coherence collapse in semiconductor lasers , 1993 .

[12]  M. Scully,et al.  The Quantum Theory of Light , 1974 .

[13]  Yoshihisa Yamamoto,et al.  Fundamentals of optical amplifiers , 1989 .

[14]  C. Caves.  Quantum limits on noise in linear amplifiers , 1982 .

[15]  Giacomo Mauro D'Ariano,et al.  NUMBER-PHASE SQUEEZED STATES AND PHOTON FRACTIONING , 1992 .

[16]  B. M. Oliver.  Thermal and quantum noise , 1965 .

[17]  Quantum Noise Treated with Classical Electrical Network Theory , 1994 .

[18]  P. Franco,et al.  Complete statistical characterization of signal and noise in optically amplified fiber channels , 1995 .

[19]  A. Bloom.  Quantum Electronics , 1972, Nature.

[20]  P. Humblet,et al.  Amplifier induced crosstalk in multichannel optical networks , 1990 .

[21]  Yoshihisa Yamamoto,et al.  Noise and error rate performance of semiconductor laser amplifiers in PCM-IM optical transmission systems , 1980 .

[22]  Koichi Shimoda,et al.  Fluctuations in Amplification of Quanta with Application to Maser Amplifiers , 1957 .

[23]  J. Howard,et al.  Optical electronics. , 1967, Applied optics.