Reperfused rat myocardium subjected to various durations of ischemia: estimation of the distribution volume of contrast material with echo-planar MR imaging.

PURPOSE To estimate and compare the fractional distribution volume (fDV) of gadodiamide injection and technetium 99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) in the reperfused myocardium of rat hearts subjected to various durations of ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and autoradiography were performed in rats subjected to 20, 30, 40, or 60 minutes of regional ischemia followed by 1 hour of reperfusion. The fDVs of gadodiamide injection and (99m)Tc-DTPA were measured and compared by using inversion-recovery echo-planar imaging and autoradiographic phosphor imaging, respectively. RESULTS The mean fDV of both tracers (gadodiamide and (99m)Tc-DTPA) in normal myocardium was 18% +/- 1, whereas that in the entire area at risk increased significantly (P <.05) with 20, 30, 40, and 60 minutes of ischemia to 32% +/- 1, 57% +/- 4, 66% +/- 2, and 68% +/- 2, respectively. The fDV was significantly (P <.05) greater in the core of infarction-78% +/- 4, 89% +/- 5, and 88% +/- 5 with 30, 40, and 60 minutes of ischemia, respectively-than in the normal myocardium or in the area at risk. CONCLUSION The fDV of MR contrast material in the periinfarcted rim was significantly (P <. 05) greater than that in the normal myocardium, but significantly less than that in the core of infarcted myocardium.

[1]  C. Higgins,et al.  T1-relaxation kinetics of extracellular, intracellular and intravascular MR contrast agents in normal and acutely reperfused infarcted myocardium using echo-planar MR imaging , 2000, European Radiology.

[2]  C. Higgins,et al.  Contrast‐enhanced MRI for quantification of myocardial viability , 1999, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[3]  C. Higgins,et al.  Reperfused myocardial infarction as seen with use of necrosis-specific versus standard extracellular MR contrast media in rats. , 1999, Radiology.

[4]  C. Higgins,et al.  Measurement of the distribution volume of gadopentetate dimeglumine at echo-planar MR imaging to quantify myocardial infarction: comparison with 99mTc-DTPA autoradiography in rats. , 1999, Radiology.

[5]  C. Kramer,et al.  Early contrast-enhanced MRI predicts late functional recovery after reperfused myocardial infarction. , 1999, Circulation.

[6]  J Bogaert,et al.  Noninvasive measurements of infarct size after thrombolysis with a necrosis-avid MRI contrast agent. , 1999, Circulation.

[7]  J P Huberty,et al.  Microvascular injury in reperfused infarcted myocardium: noninvasive assessment with contrast-enhanced echoplanar magnetic resonance imaging. , 1998, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[8]  C. Higgins,et al.  Toward necrotic cell fraction measurement by contrast-enhanced MRI of reperfused ischemically injured myocardium. , 1998, Academic radiology.

[9]  L. Becker,et al.  Progression of myocardial necrosis during reperfusion of ischemic myocardium. , 1998, Circulation.

[10]  C. Lorenz,et al.  Regional measurement of the Gd‐DTPA tissue partition coefficient in canine myocardium , 1997, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[11]  C. Higgins,et al.  Influence of severity of myocardial injury on distribution of macromolecules: extravascular versus intravascular gadolinium-based magnetic resonance contrast agents. , 1997, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[12]  C. Higgins,et al.  Alterations in T 1 of normal and reperfused infarcted myocardium after Gd‐BOPTA versus GD‐DTPA on inversion recovery EPI† , 1997, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[13]  R. Kim,et al.  Myocardial Gd-DTPA kinetics determine MRI contrast enhancement and reflect the extent and severity of myocardial injury after acute reperfused infarction. , 1996, Circulation.

[14]  F. Prato,et al.  The determination of myocardial viability using Gd‐DTPA in a canine model of acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion , 1996, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[15]  E. Atalar,et al.  Regional heterogeneity of human myocardial infarcts demonstrated by contrast-enhanced MRI. Potential mechanisms. , 1995, Circulation.

[16]  N. Yamada,et al.  Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in acute myocardial infarction. , 1995, The American journal of cardiology.

[17]  C. Higgins,et al.  Identification of Myocardial Cell Death in Reperfused Myocardial Injury Using Dual Mechanisms of Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging , 1994 .

[18]  K. Yu,et al.  Identification of Myocardial Reperfusion With Echo Planar Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Discrimination Between Occlusive and Reperfused Infarctions , 1994, Circulation.

[19]  E. Lonn,et al.  Effects of oxygen free radicals and scavengers on the cardiac extracellular collagen matrix during ischemia-reperfusion. , 1994, The Canadian journal of cardiology.

[20]  Maythem Saeed,et al.  Reperfused myocardial infarctions on T1‐ and susceptibility‐enhanced MRI: Evidence for loss of compartmentalization of contrast media , 1994, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[21]  F. Prato,et al.  Measurement of the extraction efficiency and distribution volume for Gd‐DTPA in normal and diseased canine myocardium , 1993, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[22]  R O Bonow,et al.  Current Diagnostic Techniques of Assessing Myocardial Viabilit in Patients With Hibernating and Stunned Myocardium , 1993, Circulation.

[23]  F. Prato,et al.  Quantification of myocardial blood flow and extracellular volumes using a bolus injection of Gd‐DTPA: Kinetic modeling in canine ischemic disease , 1992, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[24]  R. Jennings,et al.  The cell biology of acute myocardial ischemia. , 1991, Annual review of medicine.

[25]  P. V. van Dijkman,et al.  Myocardial infarct size after reperfusion therapy: assessment with Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging. , 1990, Radiology.

[26]  L. Horwitz,et al.  Functional coronary microvascular injury evident as increased permeability due to brief ischemia and reperfusion. , 1990, Circulation research.

[27]  R. Peshock,et al.  Gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of reperfused myocardium: identification of the myocardial bed at risk. , 1988, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[28]  E. Sonnenblick,et al.  Profound structural alterations of the extracellular collagen matrix in postischemic dysfunctional ("stunned") but viable myocardium. , 1987, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[29]  J. Willerson,et al.  Infarct size--can it be measured or modified in humans? , 1987, Progress in cardiovascular diseases.

[30]  C. Higgins,et al.  Contrast Enhancement of Myocardial Infarction: Dependence on Necrosis and Residual Blood Flow and the Relationship to Distribution of Scintigraphic Imaging Agents , 1982, Circulation.

[31]  C. Higgins,et al.  Uptake of iodinated contrast material by the ischemically damaged myocardial cell. , 1982, Investigative Radiology.

[32]  C. Higgins,et al.  Uptake of iodinated contrast material in ischemic myocardium as an indicator of loss of cellular membrane integrity. , 1980, The American journal of pathology.

[33]  E. Page,et al.  Interstitial anion distribution in striated muscle determined with [35S]sulfate and [3H]sucrose. , 1979, The American journal of physiology.

[34]  C. Higgins,et al.  Evaluation of Myocardial Ischemic Damage of Various Ages by Computerized Transmission Tomography: Time-dependent Effects of Contrast Material , 1979, Circulation.

[35]  R. Kloner,et al.  Early ischemic ultrastructural and histochemical alterations in the myocardium of the rat following coronary artery occlusion. , 1979, Experimental and molecular pathology.

[36]  M Sovak,et al.  Differential accumulation of radiopaque contrast material in acute myocardial infarction. , 1979, The American journal of cardiology.

[37]  C. Higgins,et al.  Detection, quantitation and contrast enhancement of myocardial infarction utilizing computerized axial tomography: comparison with histochemical staining and 99mTc-pyrophosphate imaging. , 1978, Investigative radiology.

[38]  P I Polimeni,et al.  Extracellular space and ionic distribution in rat ventricle. , 1974, The American journal of physiology.

[39]  R. F. Shaw,et al.  Control of Coronary Blood Flow by an Autoregulatory Mechanism , 1964, Circulation research.