The T cell receptor/CD3 complex: a dynamic protein ensemble.

A large body of information about antigen receptors on the surface of T lymphocytes has been gathered in the last five years (1, 2). T cell receptors use a variable region gene pool that is completely distinct from the variable genes of immunoglobulins. Indeed, T cells recognize different antigenic entities than do B lymphocytes. The latter notion was most dramatically demonstrated by the many observations that led to the conclusion that T cell receptors corecognize processed nominal antigen and a gene product of the MHC (3). Since T cell receptors (TCR) and MHC products are anchored in the plasma membrane of T lymphocytes and antigen-pre­ senting cells, respectively, the TCR/antigen/MHC recognition takes place on the interface between the two cells. A localized and TCR-independent adhesion provides a stabilizing environment for the subtle ternary inter­ action, which is dependent upon the fine recognition of all three of its participants. From model studies with human cytotoxic T cells, it appears that this transient adhesion event is initiated prior to the interaction of TCR with antigen and MHC (4). The T cell receptors for antigen and MHC consist of two disulfide­ linked variable glycoproteins whose genes rearrange in T cells: the T cell receptor (TCR) a and /3 chains (1, 2). The T cell receptor so defined subserves both antigen and MHC recognition. Cell fusion experiments (5) and transfection of TCR-a and -/3 chain cDNAs of defined specificities between T cell clones (6) confirm that the a//3 heterodimer confers both

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