A case study of the evolution of modularity: towards a bridge between evolutionary biology, artificial life, neuro- and cognitive science

A case study of the evolution of modularity: towards a bridge between evolutionary biology, artificial life, neuro- and cognitive science "Li (1983) claims that 'gene duplication is probably the most important mechanism for generating new genes and new biochemical processes that have facilitated the evolution of complex organisms from primitives ones'. Tautz (1992) argues that 'redundancy of gene actions may [...] be a necessary requirement for the development and evolution of complex life forms' and in fact 'redundancy seems to be widespread in genomes of higher organisms' (Nowak 1997). In the neutral theory of molecular evolution (Kimura 1983), the duplication relaxes the selective constraints on one of the two copies allowing the accumulation of mutations leading to the emergence of a new function (Coissac, Maillier, and Netter 1997; see also Ohta 1989)."

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