A review. Possible sources of ethanol ante- and post-mortem: its relationship to the biochemistry and microbiology of decomposition.

1 . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . 2 . Methods of ethanol determination . . . . . . A . Chemical methods . . . . . . . . B . Enzymic method . . . . . . . . C . Gas chromatographic methods 3 . Levels of ‘Endogenous’ ethanol . . . . . . . 4 . Evidence of post-mortem production of ethanol . . . . A . Ethanolformationindead animals . . . . . B . Ethanol formationin hurnancorpses C . Ethanol formationinisolated tissues . . . . . D . Conclusions . . . . . . . . . 5 . Substrates available for ethanol production A . Biochemical changes occurring in muscle prior to rigor mortis B . Glucose and glycogen levels in tissues . . . . . C . Other substrates . . . . . . . . . (i) Ribose . . . . . . . . . (ii) Amino acids . . . . . . . . (iii) Lactate . . . . . . . . . D . Processes during putrefaction (glycerol production) . . E . Conclusions . . . . . . . . . 6 . ‘Post-mortem’ microbiology . . . . . . . A . Numbers . . . . . . . . . . B . Effect of mode of death . . . . . . . C . Microflora of lymph nodes . . . . . . . D . ‘Bone taint’ . . . . . . . . . E . Types of organisms isolated from blood and other tissues . F . Organisms that cause decomposition (putrefaction) . . C . Mode of spread of bacteria in human corpses H . Conclusions . . . . . . . . .

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