Indoor performance analysis of LF-RFID based positioning system: Comparison with UHF-RFID and UWB

Existing localization technologies face several challenges indoors because of their sensitivity to the environment. In this paper, we present an indoor localization system based on Low Frequency (LF) Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) as a reliable and low-cost solution, which is less affected by challenging indoor conditions. The presented system makes use of LF (125 kHz) magnetic fields for reliable localization in multipath and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) environments. The objective of this paper is to analyze two-dimensional (2D) positioning estimation performance of LF-RFID based localization system in comparison with the localization systems based on Ultra-High-Frequency (UHF) and Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technologies. We present results for 2D localization tests for these three systems in a challenging indoor environment of area 315 square meters. The presented system, which is implemented using off-the-shelf components, achieves a mean positioning error of 1.53 m with a standard deviation of 0.91 m for 352 position estimations while keeping the positioning error below 2.82 m for 90% of the cases.

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