An Overview of Research Activities in Facial Age Estimation Using the FG-NET Aging Database

The FG-NET aging database was released in 2004 in an attempt to support research activities related to facial aging. Since then a number of researchers used the database for carrying out research in various disciplines related to facial aging. Based on the analysis of published work where the FG-NET aging database was used, conclusions related to the type of research carried out in relation to the impact of the dataset in shaping up the research topic of facial aging, are presented. In particular we focus our attention on the topic of age estimation that proved to be the most popular among users of the FG-NET aging database. Through the review of key papers in age estimation and the presentation of benchmark results the main approaches/directions in facial aging are outlined and future trends, requirements and research directions are drafted.

[1]  Duncan Rowland,et al.  Manipulating facial appearance through shape and color , 1995, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[2]  Timothy F. Cootes,et al.  Active Appearance Models , 1998, ECCV.

[3]  Niels da Vitoria Lobo,et al.  Age Classification from Facial Images , 1999, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[4]  A.J O'Toole,et al.  3D shape and 2D surface textures of human faces: the role of "averages" in attractiveness and age , 1999, Image Vis. Comput..

[5]  Timothy F. Cootes,et al.  Toward Automatic Simulation of Aging Effects on Face Images , 2002, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[6]  Nicu Sebe,et al.  Facial expression recognition from video sequences: temporal and static modeling , 2003, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[7]  C. Christodoulou,et al.  Comparing different classifiers for automatic age estimation , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics).

[8]  Dorin Comaniciu,et al.  Image based regression using boosting method , 2005, Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1.

[9]  Karl Ricanek,et al.  MORPH: a longitudinal image database of normal adult age-progression , 2006, 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FGR06).

[10]  Shuicheng Yan,et al.  Learning Auto-Structured Regressor from Uncertain Nonnegative Labels , 2007, 2007 IEEE 11th International Conference on Computer Vision.

[11]  Zhi-Hua Zhou,et al.  Automatic Age Estimation Based on Facial Aging Patterns , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[12]  Shuicheng Yan,et al.  Ranking with Uncertain Labels , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo.

[13]  Ming Liu,et al.  Regression from patch-kernel , 2008, 2008 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[14]  Yun Fu,et al.  Image-Based Human Age Estimation by Manifold Learning and Locally Adjusted Robust Regression , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[15]  Yun Fu,et al.  A Probabilistic Fusion Approach to human age prediction , 2008, 2008 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops.

[16]  Andreas Lanitis,et al.  Comparative Evaluation of Automatic Age-Progression Methodologies , 2008, EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process..

[17]  Wen Gao,et al.  Design sparse features for age estimation using hierarchical face model , 2008, 2008 8th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition.

[18]  Ching Y. Suen,et al.  Age estimation using Active Appearance Models and Support Vector Machine regression , 2009, 2009 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications, and Systems.

[19]  Thomas S. Huang,et al.  Human age estimation using bio-inspired features , 2009, CVPR.

[20]  Bingbing Ni,et al.  Web image mining towards universal age estimator , 2009, ACM Multimedia.

[21]  Rama Chellappa,et al.  Computational methods for modeling facial aging: A survey , 2009, J. Vis. Lang. Comput..

[22]  Shuicheng Yan,et al.  Synchronized Submanifold Embedding for Person-Independent Pose Estimation and Beyond , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[23]  Thomas S. Huang,et al.  Human age estimation using bio-inspired features , 2009, 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[24]  Hongyuan Zha,et al.  Learning distance metric for regression by semidefinite programming with application to human age estimation , 2009, ACM Multimedia.

[25]  Jiwen Lu,et al.  Gait-Based Human Age Estimation , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security.

[26]  Yun Fu,et al.  Age Synthesis and Estimation via Faces: A Survey , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[27]  Andreas Lanitis,et al.  A survey of the effects of aging on biometric identity verification , 2010, Int. J. Biom..

[28]  Motaz El-Saban,et al.  Human age estimation using enhanced bio-inspired features (EBIF) , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing.

[29]  Andreas Lanitis Age estimation based on head movements: A feasibility study , 2010, 2010 4th International Symposium on Communications, Control and Signal Processing (ISCCSP).

[30]  Yi-Ping Hung,et al.  Ordinal hyperplanes ranker with cost sensitivities for age estimation , 2011, CVPR 2011.

[31]  Kang Ryoung Park,et al.  Age estimation using a hierarchical classifier based on global and local facial features , 2011, Pattern Recognit..

[32]  Huiyu Zhou,et al.  Age classification using Radon transform and entropy based scaling SVM , 2011, BMVC.

[33]  Changsheng Li,et al.  Learning ordinal discriminative features for age estimation , 2012, 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[34]  Vasif V. Nabiyev,et al.  Age Estimation Based on Local Radon Features of Facial Images , 2012, ISCIS.

[35]  P. Gnanasivam,et al.  Estimation of Age Through Fingerprints Using Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition , 2012 .

[36]  Xin Geng,et al.  Facial Age Estimation by Conditional Probability Neural Network , 2012, CCPR.

[37]  Rama Chellappa,et al.  A hierarchical approach for human age estimation , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP).

[38]  Yusuf Sinan Akgül,et al.  Automatic Human Age Estimation Using Overlapped Age Groups , 2012, VISIGRAPP.

[39]  Rama Chellappa,et al.  Age Invariant Face Verification with Relative Craniofacial Growth Model , 2012, ECCV.

[40]  Zhi-Hua Zhou,et al.  Facial Age Estimation by Learning from Label Distributions , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[41]  Hongya Wang,et al.  Aging face identification using biologically inspired features , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Communication and Computing (ICSPCC 2013).

[42]  Chi Fang,et al.  A new biologically inspired active appearance model for face age estimation by using local ordinal ranking , 2013, ICIMCS '13.

[43]  Matti Pietikäinen,et al.  Age Estimation Using Local Binary Pattern Kernel Density Estimate , 2013, ICIAP.

[44]  Jian-Jiun Ding,et al.  Facial age estimation based on label-sensitive learning and age-oriented regression , 2013, Pattern Recognit..

[45]  Hongxun Yao,et al.  Age classification based on back-propagation network , 2013, ICIMCS '13.

[46]  Michael Fairhurst,et al.  Age Factors in Biometric Processing , 2013 .

[47]  Anil K. Jain,et al.  Age estimation from face images: Human vs. machine performance , 2013, 2013 International Conference on Biometrics (ICB).

[48]  Shaogang Gong,et al.  Cumulative Attribute Space for Age and Crowd Density Estimation , 2013, 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[49]  Li Zhang,et al.  A New Method for Age Estimation from Facial Images by Hierarchical Model , 2013, ICCC.

[50]  Chiou-Ting Hsu,et al.  Subspace Learning for Facial Age Estimation Via Pairwise Age Ranking , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security.

[51]  P. Grother,et al.  NIST Interagency Report 7995 , 2014 .

[52]  Patrick J. Grother,et al.  Face Recognition Vendor Test (FRVT) - Performance of Automated Age Estimation Algorithms , 2014 .

[53]  Yuyu Liang,et al.  A Hierarchical Framework for Facial Age Estimation , 2014 .