An integrated approach to produce biodiesel and monoglycerides by enzymatic interestification of babassu oil (Orbinya sp).

Abstract Two screenings of commercial lipases were performed to find a lipase with superior performance for the integrated production of biodiesel and monoglycerides. The first screening was carried out under alcoholysis conditions using ethanol as acyl acceptor to convert triglycerides to their corresponding ethyl esters (biodiesel). The second screening was performed under glycerolysis conditions to yield monoglycerides (MG). All lipases were immobilized on silica–PVA composite by covalent immobilization. The assays were performed using babassu oil and alcohols (ethanol or glycerol) in solvent free systems. For both substrates, lipase from Burkholderia cepacia (lipase PS) was found to be the most suitable enzyme to attain satisfactory yields. To further improve the process, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optima operating conditions for each biotransformation. For biodiesel production, the highest transesterification yield (>98%) was achieved within 48 h reaction at 39 °C using an oil-to-ethanol molar ratio of 1:7. For MG production, optima conditions corresponded to oil-to-glycerol molar ratio of 1:15 at 55 °C, yielding 25 wt.% MG in 6 h reaction. These results show the potential of B. cepacia lipase to catalyze both reactions and the feasibility to consider an integrated approach for biodiesel and MG production.

[1]  H. Noureddini,et al.  Kinetics of transesterification of soybean oil , 1997 .

[2]  F. Nord,et al.  Investigations on the Mechanism of Catalytic Hydrogenations.1 XVI. Studies on Unsaturated Aliphatic Acids , 1952 .

[3]  Yunjun Yan,et al.  Improving esterification activity of Burkholderia cepacia lipase encapsulated in silica by bioimprinting with substrate analogues , 2009 .

[4]  H. Noureddini,et al.  Immobilized Pseudomonas cepacia lipase for biodiesel fuel production from soybean oil. , 2005, Bioresource technology.

[5]  H. F. Castro,et al.  Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase immobilization on polysiloxane–polyvinyl alcohol composite chemically modified with epichlorohydrin , 2008 .

[6]  M. Pagliaro,et al.  From glycerol to value-added products. , 2007, Angewandte Chemie.

[7]  Y. Shimada,et al.  Esterification of glycosides by a mono- and diacylglycerol lipase from Penicillium camembertii and comparison of the products with Candida cylindracea lipase , 1995 .

[8]  M. B. A. Castro,et al.  Síntese de padrões cromatográficos e estabelecimento de método para dosagem da composição de ésteres de ácidos graxos presentes no biodiesel a partir do óleo de babaçu , 2008 .

[9]  Diego Luna,et al.  Sustainable preparation of a novel glycerol-free biofuel by using pig pancreatic lipase: Partial 1,3-regiospecific alcoholysis of sunflower oil , 2009 .

[10]  M. Tüter,et al.  Solvent-free glycerolysis of palm and palm kernel oils catalyzed by a 1,3-specific lipase and fatty acid composition of glycerolysis products , 1999, Biotechnology Letters.

[11]  Marcos Alexandre Teixeira.  Babassu—A new approach for an ancient Brazilian biomass , 2008 .

[12]  M. Zong,et al.  HIGHLY EFFICIENT TRANSFORMATION OF WASTE OIL TO BIODIESEL BY IMMOBILIZED LIPASE FROM PENICILLIUM EXPANSUM , 2009 .

[13]  F. Silva,et al.  Thermogravimetric and calorimetric evaluation of babassu biodiesel obtained by the methanol route , 2007 .

[14]  Craig Frear,et al.  A laboratory study of producing docosahexaenoic acid from biodiesel-waste glycerol by microalgal fermentation , 2007 .

[15]  J. C. Santos,et al.  Modificação de óleos e gorduras por biotransformação , 2004 .

[16]  Abdul Hameed,et al.  Industrial applications of microbial lipases , 2006 .

[17]  Claudia A. S. Mello,et al.  Proposta de uma máquina para colheita mecanizada de babaçu (Orbignya phalerata Mart.) para a agricultura familiar , 2007 .

[18]  C. Otero,et al.  Different enzyme requirements for the synthesis of biodiesel: Novozym 435 and Lipozyme TL IM. , 2008, Bioresource technology.

[19]  Shweta Shah,et al.  Lipase catalyzed preparation of biodiesel from Jatropha oil in a solvent free system. , 2007 .

[20]  A. V. Paula,et al.  Comparação do desempenho da lipase de candida rugosa imobilizada em suporte híbrido de polissiloxano-polivinilálcool empregando diferentes metodologias , 2008 .

[21]  H. F. de Castro,et al.  Characterization and utilization of Candida rugosa lipase immobilized on controlled pore silica , 1999 .

[22]  Y. Shimada,et al.  Stepwise ethanolysis of tuna oil using immobilized Candida antarctica lipase. , 1999, Journal of bioscience and bioengineering.

[23]  C. Akoh,et al.  Food Lipids: Chemistry, Nutrition, and Biotechnology , 1998 .

[24]  J. C. Santos,et al.  Enzymatic synthesis of glyceride esters in solvent-free system: influence of the molar ratio, lipase source and functional activating agent of the support , 2007 .

[25]  A. H-Kittikun,et al.  Continuous production of monoacylglycerols by glycerolysis of palm olein with immobilized lipase , 2005 .

[26]  S. Ferreira-Dias,et al.  Contribution of response surface design to the development of glycerolysis systems catalyzed by commercial immobilized lipases , 2001 .

[27]  D. Madamwar,et al.  Ethyl isovalerate synthesis using Candida rugosa lipase immobilized on silica nanoparticles prepared in nonionic reverse micelles , 2009 .

[28]  Heizir F. de Castro,et al.  Biodiesel Synthesis by Enzymatic Transesterification of Palm Oil with Ethanol Using Lipases from Several Sources Immobilized on Silica-PVA Composite , 2007 .