Interlaboratory Test of Exhaust PM Using ELPI

Abstract The Particulate Measurement Programme (PMP) works on the development of an improved method for the exhaust particulate matter (PM) measurement, which can include, if feasible and necessary, the measurement of particle number. The French PMP subgroup, composed of IFP, PSA Peugeot-Citroën, Renault, and UTAC, has defined a measurement protocol based on electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI) and conducted an interlaboratory test to evaluate its performances. The technical program was based on tests carried out on three Euro3 passenger cars (one gasoline operating under stoichiometric conditions, one Diesel, and one Diesel equipped with a diesel particulate filter (DPF)) that were tested on the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). The regulated pollutants are also measured, as indicators of test repeatability and good working conditions. The interlaboratory reproducibility value of the tunnel background tests is quite high (337%) due to low particle numbers. The repeatability values increase at low particle numbers independently of the vehicle used. On the NEDC, the reproducibility of total particle number is 59, 47, and 131% for the gasoline, Diesel, and DPF-equipped Diesel vehicles, respectively (compare to 67, 29, and 164% for PM collected on filters). These results show that the protocol used in this study allows a reliable measurement of exhaust particle number in the case of vehicles emitting at least two orders of magnitude more than the tunnel background. In the other cases, the measurement variability is too high, especially for regulatory purposes, without taking into account other metrological aspects, such as calibration.

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