Fault Diagnosis of Discrete-Event Systems Using Continuous Petri Nets

When discrete-event systems are used to model systems with a large number of possible (reachable) states, many problems such as simulation, optimization, and control, may become computationally prohibitive because they require some enumeration of such states. A common way to effectively address this issue is fluidization. The goal of this paper is that of studying the effect of fluidization on fault diagnosis. In particular, we focus on the purely logic Petri net (PN) model that results in the untimed continuous PN model after fluidization. In accordance to most of the literature on discrete-event systems, we define three diagnosis states, namely N, U , and F, corresponding respectively to no fault, uncertain, and fault state. We prove that, given an observation, the resulting diagnosis state can be computed solving linear programming problems rather than integer programming problems as in the discrete case. The main advantage of fluidization is that it enables to deal with much more general PN structures. In particular, the unobservable subnet needs not be acyclic as in the discrete case. Moreover, the compact representation of the set of consistent markings using convex polytopes can be seen in some cases as an improvement in terms of computational complexity.

[1]  Hassane Alla,et al.  Discrete, continuous, and hybrid Petri Nets , 2004 .

[2]  Shigemasa Takai,et al.  Decentralized Diagnosis for Nonfailures of Discrete Event Systems Using Inference-Based Ambiguity Management , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans.

[3]  Serge Haddad,et al.  Application and Theory of Petri Nets , 2012, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[4]  Alessandro Giua,et al.  Generalized mutual exclusion contraints on nets with uncontrollable transitions , 1992, [Proceedings] 1992 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[5]  Dimitri Lefebvre,et al.  Diagnosis of DES With Petri Net Models , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering.

[6]  Dimitri Lefebvre,et al.  Stochastic Petri Net Identification for the Fault Detection and Isolation of Discrete Event Systems , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans.

[7]  MengChu Zhou,et al.  Petri net synthesis for discrete event control of manufacturing systems , 1992, The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science.

[8]  Manuel Silva Suárez,et al.  On Reachability in Autonomous Continuous Petri Net Systems , 2003, ICATPN.

[9]  J.H. van Schuppen,et al.  Decentralized failure diagnosis for discrete-event systems with costly communication between diagnosers , 2002, Sixth International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems, 2002. Proceedings..

[10]  Alessandro Giua,et al.  Fault detection for discrete event systems using Petri nets with unobservable transitions , 2005, Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[11]  Fatiha Nejjari,et al.  Fault Diagnosis Based on Causal Computations , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans.

[12]  Manuel Silva,et al.  On Fluidification of Petri Nets: From Discrete to Hybrid and Continuous Models , 2003, ADHS.

[13]  Stéphane Lafortune,et al.  Coordinated Decentralized Protocols for Failure Diagnosis of Discrete Event Systems , 2000, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[14]  David D. Yao,et al.  Fundamentals of Queueing Networks , 2001 .

[15]  Stéphane Lafortune,et al.  Distributed Diagnosis of Place-Bordered Petri Nets , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering.

[16]  Stéphane Lafortune,et al.  Diagnosis of Intermittent Faults , 2004, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[17]  Cristian Mahulea,et al.  SimHPN: a MATLAB toolbox for simulation, analysis and design with hybrid Petri nets ⋆ , 2012 .

[18]  Jan Lunze,et al.  Sensor and actuator fault diagnosis of systems with discrete inputs and outputs , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics).

[19]  Alan J. Hoffman,et al.  Integral Boundary Points of Convex Polyhedra , 2010, 50 Years of Integer Programming.

[20]  Tadao Murata,et al.  Petri nets: Properties, analysis and applications , 1989, Proc. IEEE.

[21]  Walter Ukovich,et al.  On-line fault detection in discrete event systems by Petri nets and integer linear programming , 2009, Autom..

[22]  J. Tsitsiklis,et al.  Stability conditions for multiclass fluid queueing networks , 1996, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[23]  Shahin Hashtrudi-Zad,et al.  Fault diagnosis in discrete-event systems: framework and model reduction , 2003, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[24]  Panos J. Antsaklis,et al.  Feedback control of Petri nets based on place invariants , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 33rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[25]  René K. Boel,et al.  A Continuous Petri Net Approach for Model Predictive Control of Traffic Systems , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans.

[26]  C. Seatzu,et al.  Observer design for untimed continuous Petri nets , 2009, 2009 American Control Conference.

[27]  Antonio Ramírez-Treviño,et al.  Structural Diagnosability of DES and Design of Reduced Petri Net Diagnosers , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans.

[28]  Shengbing Jiang,et al.  Failure diagnosis of discrete-event systems with linear-time temporal logic specifications , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[29]  Raja Sengupta,et al.  Diagnosability of discrete-event systems , 1995, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[30]  Stéphane Lafortune,et al.  Active diagnosis of discrete event systems , 1997, Proceedings of the 36th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[31]  Giovanni Chiola,et al.  Ergodicity and Throughput Bounds of Petri Nets with Unique Consistent Firing Count Vector , 1991, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[32]  D. Yao,et al.  Fundamentals of Queueing Networks: Performance, Asymptotics, and Optimization , 2001, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[33]  Vicenç Puig,et al.  Fault Diagnosis Using a Timed Discrete-Event Approach Based on Interval Observers: Application to Sewer Networks , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans.

[34]  Albert Benveniste,et al.  Diagnosis of asynchronous discrete-event systems: a net unfolding approach , 2003, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[35]  Alessandro Giua,et al.  Discrete event diagnosis using labeled Petri nets. An application to manufacturing systems , 2011 .

[36]  J. F. Bouchard,et al.  IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS , MAN , AND CYBERNETICS — PART A : SYSTEMS AND HUMANS , 2001 .

[37]  Cristian Mahulea,et al.  New results for fault detection of untimed continuous Petri nets , 2009, Proceedings of the 48h IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) held jointly with 2009 28th Chinese Control Conference.

[38]  Antonio Ramírez-Treviño,et al.  Online Fault Diagnosis of Discrete Event Systems. A Petri Net-Based Approach , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering.

[39]  Cristian Mahulea,et al.  On fluidization of discrete event models: observation and control of continuous Petri nets , 2011, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[40]  Klaus Truemper,et al.  A decomposition theory for matroids. V. Testing of matrix total unimodularity , 1990, J. Comb. Theory, Ser. B.

[41]  Christos G. Cassandras,et al.  Perturbation Analysis of Multiclass Stochastic Fluid Models , 2004, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[42]  Manuel Silva Suárez,et al.  On fluidification of Petri Nets: from discrete to hybrid and continuous models , 2003, Annu. Rev. Control..

[43]  Francesco Basile,et al.  Petri net control using event observers and timing information , 2002, Proceedings of the 41st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2002..

[44]  JúlvezJorge,et al.  A continuous Petri net approach for model predictive control of traffic systems , 2010 .

[45]  George Jiroveanu,et al.  A distributed approach for fault detection and diagnosis based on Time Petri Nets , 2006, Math. Comput. Simul..

[46]  Cristian Mahulea,et al.  Fault diagnoser design for untimed continuous Petri nets , 2009, 2009 IEEE Control Applications, (CCA) & Intelligent Control, (ISIC).

[47]  Manuel Silva Suárez,et al.  Autonomous Continuous P/T Systems , 1999, ICATPN.

[48]  Susanna Donatelli,et al.  Application and Theory of Petri Nets 1999 , 2003, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.