Blood flow measurements using 3D distance-concentration functions derived from digital x-ray angiograms

We describe a method for measurement of velocity flow, absolute cross-sectional area and path length of identified arteries for high frame rate biplane x-ray angiograms. The system has been extensively validated with phantoms for vessel calibres from 3 to 6 mm and flow rates encompassing those expected “in-vivo”. Mean volume flow agreed with electromagnetic flow meter readings to within 9% and peak flow agreed to within 10% for velocity flow below 1 m/sec when measuring a 150 mm length of artery at a framing rate of 25 frames per sec. Path lengths of bent wire were measured with an error of less than 2%. We present initial results using these measures to study the haemodynamics of the circulation from the arch of the aorta to the circle of Willis.

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