An Incident Response Model for Industrial Control System Forensics Based on Historical Events

Cyber attacks on industrial control systems are increasing. Malware such as Stuxnet, Havex and BlackEnergy have demonstrated that industrial control systems are attractive targets for attackers. However, industrial control systems are not limited to malware attacks. Other attacks include SQL injection, distributed denial-of-service, spear phishing, social engineering and man-in-the-middle attacks. Additionally, methods such as unauthorized access, brute forcing and insider attacks have also targeted industrial control systems. Accidents such as fires and explosions at industrial plants also provide valuable insights into the targets of attacks, failure methods and potential impacts.