Copy-number variations in DISC 1 and DISC 1-interacting partners in major mental illness

Robust statistical, genetic and functional evidence supports a role for DISC1 in the aetiology of major mental illness. Furthermore, many of its protein-binding partners show evidence for involvement in the pathophysiology of a range of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Copy number variants (CNVs) are suspected to play an important causal role in these disorders. In this study, CNV analysis of DISC1 and its binding partners PAFAH1B1 , NDE1 , NDEL1 , FEZ1 , MAP1A , CIT and PDE4B in Scottish and Northern Swedish population-based samples was carried out using multiplex amplicon quantification. Here, we report the finding of rare CNVs in DISC1 , NDE1 (together with adjacent genes within Received: February 16, 2015 Accepted: July 13, 2015 Published online: October 7, 2015 Dr. Mandy Johnstone, BSc (Hons), MBChB, PhD, MRCPsych Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Terrace Edinburgh EH10 5HF (UK) E-Mail mandy.johnstone @ ed.ac.uk © 2015 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel 2296–9209/15/0013–0175$0/0 www.karger.com/mnp This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY) (http://www.karger.com/Services/ OpenAccessLicense). Usage, derivative works and distribution are permitted provided that proper credit is given to the author and the original publisher. D ow nl oa de d by : U ni ve rs ity o f E di nb ur gh 14 9. 12 6. 76 .6 5 11 /1 8/ 20 15 2 :3 0: 53 P M

[1]  David W. Nauen,et al.  Synaptic dysregulation in a human iPS cell model of mental disorders , 2014, Nature.

[2]  Yuanyi Feng,et al.  The scaffold protein Nde1 safeguards the brain genome during S phase of early neural progenitor differentiation , 2014, eLife.

[3]  David W. Nauen,et al.  Modeling a genetic risk for schizophrenia in iPSCs and mice reveals neural stem cell deficits associated with adherens junctions and polarity. , 2014, Cell stem cell.

[4]  William B Dobyns,et al.  Deletion 16p13.11 uncovers NDE1 mutations on the non-deleted homolog and extends the spectrum of severe microcephaly to include fetal brain disruption , 2013, American journal of medical genetics. Part A.

[5]  D. Blackwood,et al.  Rare copy number variants in neuropsychiatric disorders: Specific phenotype or not? , 2012, American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics.

[6]  S. Lawrie,et al.  Effects of a mis‐sense DISC1 variant on brain activation in two cohorts at high risk of bipolar disorder or schizophrenia , 2012, American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics.

[7]  Atsushi Kamiya,et al.  DISC1 Pathway in Brain Development: Exploring Therapeutic Targets for Major Psychiatric Disorders , 2012, Front. Psychiatry.

[8]  D. Porteous,et al.  DISC1-binding proteins in neural development, signalling and schizophrenia , 2012, Neuropharmacology.

[9]  W. Hennah,et al.  DISC1 Conditioned GWAS for Psychosis Proneness in a Large Finnish Birth Cohort , 2012, PloS one.

[10]  Anil K. Malhotra,et al.  Interaction between FEZ1 and DISC1 in Regulation of Neuronal Development and Risk for Schizophrenia , 2011, Neuron.

[11]  H. Stefánsson,et al.  Genome-Wide Analysis Shows Increased Frequency of Copy Number Variation Deletions in Dutch Schizophrenia Patients , 2011, Biological Psychiatry.

[12]  D. Porteous,et al.  PKA Phosphorylation of NDE1 Is DISC1/PDE4 Dependent and Modulates Its Interaction with LIS1 and NDEL1 , 2011, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[13]  C. Woods,et al.  The essential role of centrosomal NDE1 in human cerebral cortex neurogenesis. , 2011, American journal of human genetics.

[14]  C. Walsh,et al.  Human mutations in NDE1 cause extreme microcephaly with lissencephaly [corrected]. , 2011, American journal of human genetics.

[15]  Chunyu Liu,et al.  After GWAS: searching for genetic risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. , 2011, The American journal of psychiatry.

[16]  H. Stefánsson,et al.  Rare chromosomal deletions and duplications in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a genome-wide analysis , 2010, Lancet.

[17]  Stephen W Scherer,et al.  Copy number variations in schizophrenia: critical review and new perspectives on concepts of genetics and disease. , 2010, The American journal of psychiatry.

[18]  H. Peeters,et al.  DISC1 duplication in two brothers with autism and mild mental retardation , 2010, Clinical genetics.

[19]  D. Segal Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) , 2010 .

[20]  C. Ross,et al.  Animal models of gene–environment interactions in schizophrenia , 2009, Behavioural Brain Research.

[21]  Yong-shu He,et al.  [Structural variation in the human genome]. , 2009, Yi chuan = Hereditas.

[22]  Lars-Göran Nilsson,et al.  Support for NRG1 as a susceptibility factor for schizophrenia in a northern Swedish isolated population. , 2009, Archives of general psychiatry.

[23]  S. Cheung,et al.  A 1q42 deletion involving DISC1, DISC2, and TSNAX in an autism spectrum disorder , 2009, American journal of medical genetics. Part A.

[24]  Jurgen Del-Favero,et al.  Searching genetic risk factors for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: learn from the past and back to the future , 2009, Human mutation.

[25]  G. Kirov,et al.  Support for the involvement of large copy number variants in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. , 2009, Human molecular genetics.

[26]  David B. Goldstein,et al.  A Genome-Wide Investigation of SNPs and CNVs in Schizophrenia , 2009, PLoS genetics.

[27]  K. Gunderson,et al.  Increased LIS1 expression affects human and mouse brain development , 2009, Nature Genetics.

[28]  Jennifer E. Chubb,et al.  DISC1, PDE4B, and NDE1 at the centrosome and synapse. , 2008, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[29]  S. Fatemi,et al.  Phosphodiesterase-4A expression is reduced in cerebella of patients with bipolar disorder , 2008, Psychiatric genetics.

[30]  Ole A. Andreassen,et al.  Association between a disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) single nucleotide polymorphism and schizophrenia in a combined Scandinavian case–control sample , 2008, Schizophrenia Research.

[31]  Fabio Sambataro,et al.  Association of the Ser704Cys DISC1 polymorphism with human hippocampal formation gray matter and function during memory encoding , 2008, The European journal of neuroscience.

[32]  Hongwei Song,et al.  Positive association of the PDE4B (phosphodiesterase 4B) gene with schizophrenia in the Japanese population. , 2008, Journal of psychiatric research.

[33]  M. Day,et al.  Schizophrenia-Related Neural and Behavioral Phenotypes in Transgenic Mice Expressing Truncated Disc1 , 2008, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[34]  K. Nakayama,et al.  Mice lacking the schizophrenia-associated protein FEZ1 manifest hyperactivity and enhanced responsiveness to psychostimulants. , 2008, Human molecular genetics.

[35]  Thomas W. Mühleisen,et al.  Large recurrent microdeletions associated with schizophrenia , 2008, Nature.

[36]  N. Niikawa,et al.  Microarray comparative genomic hybridization analysis of 59 patients with schizophrenia , 2008, Journal of Human Genetics.

[37]  Marquis P. Vawter,et al.  Shared Gene Expression Alterations in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder , 2008, Biological Psychiatry.

[38]  J. O'Donnell,et al.  Anxiogenic-Like Behavioral Phenotype of Mice Deficient in Phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) , 2008, Neuropsychopharmacology.

[39]  Joseph A. Gogos,et al.  Strong association of de novo copy number mutations with sporadic schizophrenia , 2008, Nature Genetics.

[40]  David Goldman,et al.  Elucidating the relationship between DISC1, NDEL1 and NDE1 and the risk for schizophrenia: Evidence of epistasis and competitive binding , 2008, Human molecular genetics.

[41]  A. Singleton,et al.  Rare Structural Variants Disrupt Multiple Genes in Neurodevelopmental Pathways in Schizophrenia , 2008, Science.

[42]  A. Tsalenko,et al.  The fine-scale and complex architecture of human copy-number variation. , 2008, American journal of human genetics.

[43]  J. Siuciak,et al.  Behavioral and neurochemical characterization of mice deficient in the phosphodiesterase-4B (PDE4B) enzyme , 2008, Psychopharmacology.

[44]  M. Pletnikov,et al.  Enlargement of the lateral ventricles in mutant DISC1 transgenic mice , 2008, Molecular Psychiatry.

[45]  M V Ovanesov,et al.  Inducible expression of mutant human DISC1 in mice is associated with brain and behavioral abnormalities reminiscent of schizophrenia , 2008, Molecular Psychiatry.

[46]  H. Mefford,et al.  Recurrent reciprocal deletions and duplications of 16p13.11: the deletion is a risk factor for MR/MCA while the duplication may be a rare benign variant , 2008, Journal of Medical Genetics.

[47]  Alcino J. Silva,et al.  Specific developmental disruption of disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 function results in schizophrenia-related phenotypes in mice , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[48]  H. Mefford,et al.  Recurrent reciprocal genomic rearrangements of 17q12 are associated with renal disease, diabetes, and epilepsy. , 2007, American journal of human genetics.

[49]  A. Tuulio-Henriksson,et al.  Association of distinct allelic haplotypes of DISC1 with psychotic and bipolar spectrum disorders and with underlying cognitive impairments. , 2007, Human molecular genetics.

[50]  Fikret Erdogan,et al.  Comparative genome hybridization suggests a role for NRXN1 and APBA2 in schizophrenia. , 2007, Human molecular genetics.

[51]  Xin Duan,et al.  Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1 Regulates Integration of Newly Generated Neurons in the Adult Brain , 2007, Cell.

[52]  Satoshi Kida,et al.  Dominant-negative DISC1 transgenic mice display schizophrenia-associated phenotypes detected by measures translatable to humans , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[53]  Lin He,et al.  Case-control association study of Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) gene and schizophrenia in the Chinese population. , 2007, Journal of psychiatric research.

[54]  J. Winkler,et al.  Location and type of mutation in the LIS1 gene do not predict phenotypic severity , 2007, Neurology.

[55]  J. Lupski,et al.  Genomic rearrangements and sporadic disease , 2007, Nature Genetics.

[56]  D. Blackwood,et al.  The PDE4B gene confers sex-specific protection against schizophrenia , 2007, Psychiatric genetics.

[57]  Fikret Erdogan,et al.  Array CGH identifies reciprocal 16p13.1 duplications and deletions that predispose to autism and/or mental retardation , 2007, Human mutation.

[58]  John G. Sled,et al.  Behavioral Phenotypes of Disc1 Missense Mutations in Mice , 2007, Neuron.

[59]  Fei Wang,et al.  Positive association of the Disrupted‐in‐Schizophrenia‐1 gene (DISC1) with schizophrenia in the Chinese han population , 2007, American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics.

[60]  A. Tuulio-Henriksson,et al.  Families with the risk allele of DISC1 reveal a link between schizophrenia and another component of the same molecular pathway, NDE1. , 2007, Human molecular genetics.

[61]  D. Bredt,et al.  The guanylate kinase domain of the MAGUK PSD-95 binds dynamically to a conserved motif in MAP1a , 2007, Nature Structural &Molecular Biology.

[62]  T. Abel,et al.  Rolipram: A specific phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor with potential antipsychotic activity , 2007, Neuroscience.

[63]  D. Conrad,et al.  Global variation in copy number in the human genome , 2006, Nature.

[64]  K. Sleegers,et al.  APP duplication is sufficient to cause early onset Alzheimer's dementia with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. , 2006, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[65]  P. Zandi,et al.  Differential Expression of Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia (DISC1) in Bipolar Disorder , 2006, Biological Psychiatry.

[66]  J. Kleinman,et al.  Free Paper , 2015 .

[67]  L. Lagae,et al.  Microdeletions involving the SCN1A gene may be common in SCN1A‐mutation‐negative SMEI patients , 2006, Human mutation.

[68]  S. Halpain,et al.  The MAP1 family of microtubule-associated proteins , 2006, Genome Biology.

[69]  N. Craddock,et al.  Genetics of affective (mood) disorders , 2006, European Journal of Human Genetics.

[70]  Daniel R Weinberger,et al.  Expression of DISC1 binding partners is reduced in schizophrenia and associated with DISC1 SNPs. , 2006, Human molecular genetics.

[71]  Hiroko Koike,et al.  Disc1 is mutated in the 129S6/SvEv strain and modulates working memory in mice. , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[72]  P. Kwok,et al.  Seventh international meeting on single nucleotide polymorphism and complex genome analysis: ‘ever bigger scans and an increasingly variable genome’ , 2006, Human Genetics.

[73]  J. Nadeau,et al.  Genetics: Copies count , 2006, Nature.

[74]  D. Benson,et al.  Targeting and clustering citron to synapses , 2006, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience.

[75]  R. Weinberg,et al.  A Critical Role for Myosin IIB in Dendritic Spine Morphology and Synaptic Function , 2006, Neuron.

[76]  Christopher A. Ross,et al.  A schizophrenia-associated mutation of DISC1 perturbs cerebral cortex development , 2005, Nature Cell Biology.

[77]  Tyrone D. Cannon,et al.  A haplotype within the DISC1 gene is associated with visual memory functions in families with a high density of schizophrenia , 2005, Molecular Psychiatry.

[78]  D. Porteous,et al.  Disrupted In Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1): Subcellular targeting and induction of ring mitochondria , 2005, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience.

[79]  N. Craddock,et al.  Genes for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder? Implications for psychiatric nosology. , 2005, Schizophrenia bulletin.

[80]  I. Deary,et al.  Association between genotype at an exonic SNP in DISC1 and normal cognitive aging , 2005, Neuroscience Letters.

[81]  Tyrone D. Cannon,et al.  Association of DISC1/TRAX haplotypes with schizophrenia, reduced prefrontal gray matter, and impaired short- and long-term memory. , 2005, Archives of general psychiatry.

[82]  G. Kirov,et al.  Genomewide linkage scan in schizoaffective disorder: significant evidence for linkage at 1q42 close to DISC1, and suggestive evidence at 22q11 and 19p13. , 2005, Archives of general psychiatry.

[83]  N. Hiraiwa,et al.  Complete Loss of Ndel1 Results in Neuronal Migration Defects and Early Embryonic Lethality , 2005, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[84]  F. McMahon,et al.  Evidence of association between bipolar disorder and Citron on chromosome 12q24 , 2005, Molecular Psychiatry.

[85]  David Goldman,et al.  DISC1 and neurocognitive function in schizophrenia , 2005, Neuroreport.

[86]  A. Meyer-Lindenberg,et al.  Variation in DISC1 affects hippocampal structure and function and increases risk for schizophrenia. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[87]  P. Bridgman,et al.  Laminin stimulates and guides axonal outgrowth via growth cone myosin II activity , 2005, Nature Neuroscience.

[88]  P. Visscher,et al.  A genome scan and follow-up study identify a bipolar disorder susceptibility locus on chromosome 1q42 , 2004, Molecular Psychiatry.

[89]  E. Hattori,et al.  Association analysis of FEZ1 variants with schizophrenia in Japanese cohorts , 2004, Biological Psychiatry.

[90]  W Hennah,et al.  Replication of 1q42 linkage in Finnish schizophrenia pedigrees , 2004, Molecular Psychiatry.

[91]  L. Tsai,et al.  Ndel1 Operates in a Common Pathway with LIS1 and Cytoplasmic Dynein to Regulate Cortical Neuronal Positioning , 2004, Neuron.

[92]  Kenny Q. Ye,et al.  Large-Scale Copy Number Polymorphism in the Human Genome , 2004, Science.

[93]  Giri P Krishnan,et al.  Neural synchronization deficits to auditory stimulation in bipolar disorder , 2004, Neuroreport.

[94]  L. Nyberg,et al.  Betula: A Prospective Cohort Study on Memory, Health and Aging , 2004 .

[95]  A. Bassett,et al.  Linkage disequilibrium mapping of schizophrenia susceptibility to the CAPON region of chromosome 1q22. , 2004, American journal of human genetics.

[96]  J. Rain,et al.  Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 and Nudel form a neurodevelopmentally regulated protein complex: implications for schizophrenia and other major neurological disorders , 2004, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience.

[97]  Leena Peltonen,et al.  Haplotype transmission analysis provides evidence of association for DISC1 to schizophrenia and suggests sex-dependent effects. , 2003, Human molecular genetics.

[98]  W. Berrettini Evidence for shared susceptibility in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia , 2003, American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics.

[99]  H. Pétursson,et al.  Genome scan of pedigrees multiply affected with bipolar disorder provides further support for the presence of a susceptibility locus on chromosome 12q23‐q24, and suggests the presence of additional loci on 1p and 1q , 2003, Psychiatric genetics.

[100]  M. Gill,et al.  No evidence for association of the dysbindin gene [DTNBP1] with schizophrenia in an Irish population-based study , 2003, Schizophrenia Research.

[101]  A. Wynshaw-Boris,et al.  Multiple Dose-Dependent Effects of Lis1 on Cerebral Cortical Development , 2003, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[102]  S. Snyder,et al.  Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC-1): Mutant truncation prevents binding to NudE-like (NUDEL) and inhibits neurite outgrowth , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[103]  Z. Nemeth,et al.  Microtubule-Associated Protein 1A (MAP1A) and MAP1B: Light Chains Determine Distinct Functional Properties , 2002, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[104]  D J Porteous,et al.  Schizophrenia and affective disorders--cosegregation with a translocation at chromosome 1q42 that directly disrupts brain-expressed genes: clinical and P300 findings in a family. , 2001, American journal of human genetics.

[105]  J S Sinsheimer,et al.  Chromosome 1 loci in Finnish schizophrenia families. , 2001, Human molecular genetics.

[106]  W. Muir,et al.  Genomic structure and localisation within a linkage hotspot of Disrupted In Schizophrenia 1, a gene disrupted by a translocation segregating with schizophrenia , 2001, Molecular Psychiatry.

[107]  D. Ledbetter,et al.  Graded reduction of Pafah1b1 (Lis1) activity results in neuronal migration defects and early embryonic lethality , 1998, Nature Genetics.

[108]  D. Ledbetter,et al.  Point mutations and an intragenic deletion in LIS1, the lissencephaly causative gene in isolated lissencephaly sequence and Miller-Dieker syndrome. , 1997, Human molecular genetics.

[109]  J. Nurnberger,et al.  Diagnostic interview for genetic studies. Rationale, unique features, and training. NIMH Genetics Initiative. , 1994, Archives of general psychiatry.

[110]  A. Farmer,et al.  A polydiagnostic application of operational criteria in studies of psychotic illness. Development and reliability of the OPCRIT system. , 1991, Archives of general psychiatry.

[111]  D. Clair,et al.  Association within a family of a balanced autosomal translocation with major mental illness , 1990, The Lancet.

[112]  T. Brugha,et al.  SCAN. Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. , 1990, Archives of general psychiatry.

[113]  Pall I. Olason,et al.  Copy number variations of chromosome 16p13.1 region associated with schizophrenia , 2011, Molecular Psychiatry.

[114]  C. Baker,et al.  Recurrent microdeletions at 15q11.2 and 16p13.11 predispose to idiopathic generalized epilepsies. , 2010, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[115]  J. Stockman,et al.  Common genetic determinants of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in Swedish families: a population-based study , 2010 .

[116]  S. Purcell,et al.  Family-based association study of lithium-related and other candidate genes in bipolar disorder. , 2008, Archives of general psychiatry.

[117]  P. Visscher,et al.  Rare chromosomal deletions and duplications increase risk of schizophrenia , 2008, Nature.

[118]  Jennifer E. Chubb,et al.  The DISC locus in psychiatric illness , 2008, Molecular Psychiatry.

[119]  沼田 周助 Positive association of the PDE4B (phosphodiesterase 4B) gene with schizophrenia in the Japanese population , 2008 .

[120]  K Mizuguchi,et al.  Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 Interactome: evidence for the close connectivity of risk genes and a potential synaptic basis for schizophrenia , 2007, Molecular Psychiatry.

[121]  Leena Peltonen,et al.  Genetic linkage and association between chromosome 1q and working memory function in schizophrenia , 2003, American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics.

[122]  M Tohyama,et al.  Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1, a candidate gene for schizophrenia, participates in neurite outgrowth , 2003, Molecular Psychiatry.

[123]  H. Hwu,et al.  Linkage of schizophrenia with chromosome 1q loci in Taiwanese families , 2003, Molecular Psychiatry.

[124]  G. Abecasis,et al.  A general test of association for quantitative traits in nuclear families. , 2000, American journal of human genetics.

[125]  D. Ledbetter,et al.  Isolation of a Miller-Dieker lissencephaly gene containing G protein beta-subunit-like repeats. , 1993, Nature.