The impact of third parties on strategic decision making

Proposes that previous discussions of strategic decision making in the strategic management literature have not effectively addressed the role of third parties including consultants. Offers three roles of third parties, including the consultant as provocateur, legitimizer and expert. Propositions are developed suggesting a contingency approach to the timing and role of third parties in the strategic decision‐making process.

[1]  Charles R. Schwenk Effects of devil's advocacy and dialectical inquiry on decision making: A meta-analysis , 1990 .

[2]  L. G. Hrebiniak,et al.  Organizational Adaptation: Strategic Choice and Environmental Determinism. , 1985 .

[3]  J. Dutton PATTERNS OF INTEREST AROUND ISSUES: THE ROLE OF UNCERTAINTY AND FEASIBILITY , 1988 .

[4]  Stuart L. Hart,et al.  An Integrative Framework for Strategy-Making Processes , 1992 .

[5]  Sumantra Ghoshal,et al.  Organizing competitor analysis systems , 1991 .

[6]  D. Schweiger,et al.  Group Approaches for Improving Strategic Decision Making: A Comparative Analysis of Dialectical Inquiry, Devil's Advocacy, and Consensus , 1986 .

[7]  D. Hambrick,et al.  Upper Echelons: The Organization as a Reflection of Its Top Managers , 1984 .

[8]  Charles R. Schwenk Conflict in organizational decision making: an exploratory study of its effects in for-profit and not-for-profit organizations , 1990 .

[9]  C. Gersick REVOLUTIONARY CHANGE THEORIES: A MULTILEVEL EXPLORATION OF THE PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM PARADIGM , 1991 .

[10]  L. Greiner Evolution and Revolution as Organizations Grow , 1997 .

[11]  John H. Grant,et al.  Empirically derived models of strategic decision‐making processes , 1985 .

[12]  D. Hambrick,et al.  Top-management-team tenure and organizational outcomes: The moderating role of managerial discretion. , 1990 .

[13]  Henry Mintzberg,et al.  The Structure of "Unstructured" Decision Processes , 1976 .

[14]  Eric Abrahamson,et al.  CHAMPIONS OF CHANGE AND STRATEGIC SHIFTS: THE ROLE OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CHANGE ADVOCATES* , 1991 .

[15]  K. Weick The social psychology of organizing , 1969 .

[16]  A. Murray Top management group heterogeneity and firm performance , 1989 .

[17]  A. Tversky,et al.  Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases , 1974, Science.

[18]  Charles R. Schwenk LINKING COGNITIVE, ORGANIZATIONAL AND POLITICAL FACTORS IN EXPLAINING STRATEGIC CHANGE , 1989 .

[19]  Richard B. Robinson,et al.  The Importance of “Outsiders” in Small Firm Strategic Planning , 1982 .

[20]  Baruch Fischhoff,et al.  The Informal Use of Formal Models , 1984 .

[21]  Charles H. Schwenk Information, Cognitive Biases, and Commitment to a Course of Action , 1986 .

[22]  J. Webster,et al.  RESEARCH NOTES. PATTERNS OF INTEREST AROUND ISSUES: THE ROLE OF UNCERTAINTY AND FEASIBILITY. , 1988 .

[23]  R. Kahn,et al.  The Social Psychology of Organizations , 1966 .

[24]  K. Eisenhardt,et al.  Politics of Strategic Decision Making in High-Velocity Environments: Toward a Midrange Theory , 1988 .

[25]  Larry E. Greiner,et al.  Consulting to Management , 1982 .