Control of PMSG-Based Wind Turbines for System Inertial Response and Power Oscillation Damping

This paper investigates an improved active power control method for variable speed wind turbine to enhance the inertial response and damping capability during transient events. The optimized power point tracking (OPPT) controller, which shifts the turbine operating point from the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) curve to the virtual inertia control (VIC) curves according to the frequency deviation, is proposed to release the “hidden” kinetic energy and provide dynamic frequency support to the grid. The effects of the VIC on power oscillation damping capability are theoretically evaluated. Compared to the conventional supplementary derivative regulator-based inertia control, the proposed control scheme can not only provide fast inertial response, but also increase the system damping capability during transient events. Thus, inertial response and power oscillation damping function can be obtained in a single controller by the proposed OPPT control. A prototype three-machine system containing two synchronous generators and a PMSG-based wind turbine with 31% of wind penetration is tested to validate the proposed control strategy on providing rapid inertial response and enhanced system damping.

[1]  Nicholas Jenkins,et al.  Power system frequency response from fixed speed and doubly fed induction generator-based wind turbines , 2004 .

[2]  A. Mullane,et al.  Frequency control and wind turbine technologies , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[3]  Wei-Ting Lin,et al.  Enhancing Frequency Response Control by DFIGs in the High Wind Penetrated Power Systems , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[4]  Lingling Fan,et al.  Control of DFIG-Based Wind Generation to Improve Interarea Oscillation Damping , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[5]  M. O'Malley,et al.  The inertial response of induction-machine-based wind turbines , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[6]  Bin Wu,et al.  Unified Power Control for PMSG-Based WECS Operating Under Different Grid Conditions , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[7]  J.M. Mauricio,et al.  Frequency Regulation Contribution Through Variable-Speed Wind Energy Conversion Systems , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[8]  Poul Ejnar Sørensen,et al.  Dynamic wind turbine models in power system simulation tool DIgSILENT , 2000 .

[9]  O. Anaya-Lara,et al.  A power system stabilizer for DFIG-based wind generation , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[10]  J. G. Slootweg,et al.  The impact of large scale wind power generation on power system oscillations , 2003 .

[11]  J.A.P. Lopes,et al.  Participation of Doubly Fed Induction Wind Generators in System Frequency Regulation , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[12]  Nicholas Jenkins,et al.  Frequency support from doubly fed induction generator wind turbines , 2007 .

[13]  B.M. Nomikos,et al.  Contribution of Doubly Fed Wind Generators to Oscillation Damping , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[14]  Jin-Ming Lin,et al.  Coordinated frequency regulation by doubly fed induction generator-based wind power plants , 2012 .

[15]  R. Watson,et al.  Frequency Response Capability of Full Converter Wind Turbine Generators in Comparison to Conventional Generation , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[16]  Raja Ayyanar,et al.  Supplementary control for damping power oscillations due to increased penetration of doubly fed induction generators in large power systems , 2011, 2011 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition.

[17]  Ling Xu,et al.  Conventional and novel control designs for direct driven PMSG wind turbines , 2010 .

[18]  Bin Wu,et al.  Comparison of oscillation damping capability in three power control strategies for PMSG‐based WECS , 2011 .

[19]  N. Jenkins,et al.  Comparison of the response of doubly fed and fixed-speed induction generator wind turbines to changes in network frequency , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[20]  Lingling Fan,et al.  On Active/Reactive Power Modulation of DFIG-Based Wind Generation for Interarea Oscillation Damping , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[21]  Raja Ayyanar,et al.  Control strategy to mitigate the impact of reduced inertia due to doubly fed induction generators on large power systems , 2011, 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.

[22]  Nicholas Miller,et al.  Facts on grid friendly wind plants , 2010, IEEE PES General Meeting.

[23]  J.A. Ferreira,et al.  Wind turbines emulating inertia and supporting primary frequency control , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.