Design as Forcing: Deepening the Foundations of C-K Theory

We present a new result about the consistency and validity of C-K design theory. C-K design theory [1] has been applied recently in a variety of industrial contexts. Paradoxically, C-K theory offers a constructive and rigorous method in non-programmable and creative situations. To solve the paradox of a theory that increases both design control and design creativity stronger foundations are needed. In this paper, we establish the correspondence between C-K theory and Forcing, a method of Set theory developed by Paul Cohen in 1963 for the “invention” of new sets. We show the deep relations between the two approaches. It appears that C-K operators generate potential and dynamic forcings in the real word. In return, Forcing warrants the creative process in C-K theory and explains why meaning can be preserved during an innovative design process. Taking into account the foundational aspects of Forcing in modern Set theory, these findings strengthen the validity of C-K theory and confirm that design theory can now claim a new scientific maturity.

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