HVDC Ground Return Current Modeling in AC Systems Considering Mutual Resistances

Ground return currents (GRCs) in ac systems generated by HVDC monopolar operations can result in half-cycle saturation of transformers. Considering the ground potential rises of substations, which is represented by mutual resistances in this paper, an improved model of GRC flow in aca systems is presented. This model is verified by the IEEE benchmark test case for geomagnetically induced current (GIC) and the measured neutral direct current and voltage on neutral blocking devices (NBDs). Based on this model, how the dc bias current in ac systems is affected by mutual resistance is analyzed using measured earth resistivities and representative ac systems. Furthermore, the impact of mutual resistances on GICs is discussed. In the end, an enhanced model for optimal configuration of GRC mitigation is also proposed. The actual application of the optimal NBD configuration has been proven to be cost-effective in mitigating the GRC flow.

[1]  Jinliang He,et al.  Study on Restraining DC Neutral Current of Transformer During HVDC Monopolar Operation , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[2]  Jinliang He,et al.  Numerical Analysis of DC Current Distribution in AC Power System Near HVDC System , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[3]  F. Dawalibi,et al.  Measurements and computations of the performance of grounding systems buried in multilayer soils , 1991 .

[4]  Kuan Zheng,et al.  Effects of System Characteristics on Geomagnetically Induced Currents , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[5]  Chun-Ming Liu,et al.  Geomagnetically Induced Currents in the High-Voltage Power Grid in China , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[6]  Kuan Zheng,et al.  Effects of Geophysical Parameters on GIC Illustrated by Benchmark Network Modeling , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[7]  Afshin Rezaei-Zare,et al.  Optimal Placement of GIC Blocking Devices for Geomagnetic Disturbance Mitigation , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[8]  D. Boteler,et al.  A study of geoelectromagnetic disturbances in Quebec. II. Detailed analysis of a large event , 2000 .

[9]  Bo Zhang,et al.  Parameter Estimation of Horizontal Multilayer Earth by Complex Image Method , 2005 .

[10]  aobert Heppe,et al.  Computation of Potential at Surface Above an Energized Grid or Other Electrode, Allowing for Non-Uniform Current Distribution , 1979, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[11]  M. Sublich,et al.  Alternatives for blocking direct current in AC system neutrals at the Radisson/LG2 complex , 1992 .

[12]  David H. Boteler,et al.  The Evolution of Québec Earth Models Used to Model Geomagnetically Induced Currents , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[13]  Xiaoping Li,et al.  Analysis of Nonlinear Characteristics for a Three-Phase, Five-Limb Transformer Under DC Bias , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[14]  Afshin Rezaei-Zare,et al.  Enhanced Transformer Model for Low- and Mid-Frequency Transients—Part II: Validation and Simulation Results , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[15]  Ieee Std,et al.  IEEE Guide for Measurements of Electromagnetic Properties of Earth Media , 2011 .

[16]  Ian Norheim.  Suggested Methods for Preventing Core Saturation Instability in HVDC Transmission Systems , 2002 .

[17]  Thomas J. Overbye,et al.  Blocking device placement for mitigating the effects of geomagnetically induced currents , 2016 .

[18]  Afshin Rezaei-Zare,et al.  Simulation of Geomagnetically Induced Currents With Piecewise Layered-Earth Models , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[19]  L. Marti,et al.  Determination of Geomagnetically Induced Current Flow in a Transformer From Reactive Power Absorption , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[20]  Lu Hai-liang.  Impact of Transformer DC Bias on Reactive Compensation Capacitor , 2010 .

[21]  Risto Pirjola,et al.  Study of effects of changes of earthing resistances on geomagnetically induced currents in an electric power transmission system , 2008 .

[22]  Thomas J. Overbye,et al.  Geomagnetically induced current sensitivity to assumed substation grounding resistance , 2013, 2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS).

[23]  Jinxi Ma,et al.  Behaviour of grounding systems in multilayer soils: a parametric analysis , 1994 .

[24]  Kuan Zheng,et al.  Geoelectric Fields Due to Small-Scale and Large-Scale Source Currents , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[25]  R. Pirjola,et al.  Geomagnetically Induced Currents During Magnetic , 2000 .

[26]  Afshin Rezaei-Zare.  Behavior of Single-Phase Transformers Under Geomagnetically Induced Current Conditions , 2014 .

[27]  Thomas J. Overbye,et al.  Power Grid Sensitivity Analysis of Geomagnetically Induced Currents , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[28]  T. J. Overbye,et al.  A Test Case for the Calculation of Geomagnetically Induced Currents , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[29]  F. P. Dawalibi,et al.  Extended Analysis of Ground Impedance Measurement Using the Fall-of-Potential Method , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[30]  Jinliang He,et al.  Vibration and Audible Noise Characteristics of AC Transformer Caused by HVDC System Under Monopole Operation , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[31]  A. Rezaei-Zare,et al.  Calculation of Induced Electric Field During a Geomagnetic Storm Using Recursive Convolution , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[32]  E. Bernabeu,et al.  Modeling Geomagnetically Induced Currents in Dominion Virginia Power Using Extreme 100-Year Geoelectric Field Scenarios—Part 1 , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.