Marine Biology: An Ecological Approach

1. Introduction to the Marine Environment. Properties of Water. Basic Oceanography. Some Ecological Principles. Larvae and Larval Ecology. Comparison of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems. Division of the Marine Environment. 2. Plankton and Plankton Communities. The Phytoplankton. The Zooplankton. Floatation Mechanisms. Primary Production. Factors Affecting Primary Productivity. Primary Productivity of the Biosphere. The Ocean Ecosystem: The Classic Model. The Ocean Ecosystem: A Changing Model. 3. Oceanic Nekton. Composition of the Oceanic Nekton. Environmental Conditions. Adaptations of Oceanic Nekton. Ecology of Nekton. 4. Deep-Sea Biology. Zonation. Sampling the Deep Sea. Environmental Characteristics. Adaptations of Deep-Sea Organisms. Community Ecology of the Benthos. Midwater Community Ecology. 5. Shallow-Water Subtidal Benthic Associations. Environmental Conditions. Unvegetated Sedimentary Environments. Rocky Subtidal Communities. Kelp Beds and Forests. Seagrass Communities. Some Special Communities. Biology of Polar Seas. 6. Intertidal Ecology. Environmental Conditions. Adaptations of Intertidal Organisms. Rocky Shores. Cobble Beaches. Sandy Shores. Muddy Shores. Intertidal Fishes. Birds. 7. Meiofauna. Environmental Characteristics. Composition of the Interstitial Assemblages. Sampling and Extracting Meiofaunna. Adaptations. Ecology. 8. Estuaries and Salt Marshes. Types of Estuaries. Physical Characteristics of Estuaries. The Biota of Estuaries. Adaptations of Estuarine Organisms. Ecology of Estuaries. Salt Marshes. 9. Tropical Communities. Coral Reefs. Mangrove Forests. 10. Symbiotic Relationships. Symbioses of Algae and Animals. Symbioses Among Animals. 11. Human Impact on the Sea. Fisheries. Mariculture. Pollution. Marine Diseases. Drugs From the Sea. Global Warming and Sea Level Change. Concluding Remarks.