Physical Uncertainties in the Planning and Delivery of Light Ion Beam Treatments

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

[1]  Paul J Keall,et al.  Retrospective analysis of artifacts in four-dimensional CT images of 50 abdominal and thoracic radiotherapy patients. , 2008, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[2]  Steve B. Jiang,et al.  Effects of motion on the total dose distribution. , 2004, Seminars in radiation oncology.

[3]  H. Kooy,et al.  Incorporation of the aperture thickness in proton pencil-beam dose calculations , 2006, Physics in medicine and biology.

[4]  J Li,et al.  A dose reduction x-ray beam positioning system for high-speed multislice CT scanners. , 2000, Medical physics.

[5]  Pedro Andreo,et al.  Light” or Heavy” ions : a debate of terminology? , 2004 .

[6]  Wen Hsi,et al.  Beam characteristics in two different proton uniform scanning systems: a side-by-side comparison. , 2012, Medical physics.

[7]  Cynthia H McCollough,et al.  Quality assurance for computed-tomography simulators and the computed-tomography-simulation process: report of the AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group No. 66. , 2003, Medical physics.

[8]  Thomas L. Toth,et al.  Image quality and dose optimization using novel x-ray source filters tailored to patient size , 2005, SPIE Medical Imaging.

[9]  A. Cormack.  Representation of a Function by Its Line Integrals, with Some Radiological Applications , 1963 .

[10]  C. Njeh,et al.  Tumor delineation: The weakest link in the search for accuracy in radiotherapy , 2008, Journal of medical physics.

[11]  G. Hounsfield.  Computerized transverse axial scanning (tomography). 1. Description of system. , 1973, The British journal of radiology.

[12]  M Engelsman,et al.  Commissioning a passive-scattering proton therapy nozzle for accurate SOBP delivery. , 2009, Medical physics.

[13]  D. Jaffray,et al.  A framework for noise-power spectrum analysis of multidimensional images. , 2002, Medical physics.

[14]  Jiang Hsieh,et al.  Computed Tomography: Principles, Design, Artifacts, and Recent Advances, Fourth Edition , 2022 .

[15]  A. Chvetsov,et al.  The influence of CT image noise on proton range calculation in radiotherapy planning , 2010, Physics in medicine and biology.

[16]  U Oelfke,et al.  Worst case optimization: a method to account for uncertainties in the optimization of intensity modulated proton therapy , 2008, Physics in medicine and biology.

[17]  T. Inada,et al.  [Proton therapy]. , 1989, Radioisotopes.

[18]  Roelf Slopsema,et al.  Sensitivities in the production of spread-out Bragg peak dose distributions by passive scattering with beam current modulation. , 2007, Medical physics.

[19]  Alejandra Rangel,et al.  Phantom evaluation of a commercially available three modality image guided radiation therapy system. , 2008, Medical physics.

[20]  G T Herman,et al.  Evaluation of a preprocessing algorithm for truncated CT projections. , 1981, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[21]  Timothy C Y Chan,et al.  Accounting for range uncertainties in the optimization of intensity modulated proton therapy , 2007, Physics in medicine and biology.

[22]  Tianfang Li,et al.  Density resolution of proton computed tomography. , 2005, Medical physics.

[23]  C. Ling,et al.  Technical aspects of the deep inspiration breath-hold technique in the treatment of thoracic cancer. , 2000, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[24]  C. Ainsley,et al.  Comparison of secondary neutron dose in proton therapy resulting from the use of a tungsten alloy MLC or a brass collimator system. , 2011, Medical physics.

[25]  R. Stewart,et al.  Neutron scattered dose equivalent to a fetus from proton radiotherapy of the mother. , 2006, Medical physics.

[26]  S. Peggs,et al.  Conceptual design of a proton computed tomography system for applications in proton radiation therapy , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science.

[27]  Characterization of a mini-multileaf collimator in a proton beamline. , 2009, Medical physics.

[28]  Marc Kachelrieß,et al.  Empirical beam hardening correction (EBHC) for CT. , 2010, Medical physics.

[29]  T. Bortfeld,et al.  Decomposition of pencil beam kernels for fast dose calculations in three-dimensional treatment planning. , 1993, Medical physics.

[30]  Uwe Oelfke,et al.  Optimization of radiobiological effects in intensity modulated proton therapy. , 2005, Medical physics.

[31]  A. Brahme,et al.  Optimal dose distribution for eradication of heterogeneous tumours. , 1987, Acta oncologica.

[32]  C. Allgower,et al.  Clinical characterization of a proton beam continuous uniform scanning system with dose layer stacking. , 2008, Medical physics.

[33]  D. Schardt,et al.  Magnetic scanning system for heavy ion therapy , 1993 .

[34]  T. Okazaki,et al.  Reduction of the number of stacking layers in proton uniform scanning. , 2009, Physics in medicine and biology.

[35]  Timothy Solberg,et al.  Theoretical Benefits of Dynamic Collimation in Pencil Beam Scanning Proton Therapy for Brain Tumors: Dosimetric and Radiobiological Metrics. , 2016, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[36]  Thomas Bortfeld,et al.  Visualization of a variety of possible dosimetric outcomes in radiation therapy using dose-volume histogram bands. , 2012, Practical radiation oncology.

[37]  D Robertson,et al.  Intensity modulated proton therapy treatment planning using single-field optimization: the impact of monitor unit constraints on plan quality. , 2010, Medical physics.

[38]  A. Montelius,et al.  Neutron beam characteristics from 50 MeV protons on beryllium using a continuously variable multi-leaf collimator. , 1983, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[39]  E Pedroni,et al.  Experimental characterization and physical modelling of the dose distribution of scanned proton pencil beams , 2005, Physics in medicine and biology.

[40]  Scan pattern optimization for uniform proton beam scanning. , 2009, Medical physics.

[41]  J. M. Schippers,et al.  The use of protons in cancer therapy at PSI and related instrumentation , 2006 .

[42]  Uwe Titt,et al.  Commissioning of the discrete spot scanning proton beam delivery system at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Proton Therapy Center, Houston. , 2009, Medical physics.

[43]  W. Woodward,et al.  Variability of target and normal structure delineation for breast cancer radiotherapy: an RTOG Multi-Institutional and Multiobserver Study. , 2007, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[44]  E Pedroni,et al.  Proton radiography as a tool for quality control in proton therapy. , 1995, Medical physics.

[45]  M. V. Yester,et al.  Geometrical Limitations Of Computed Tomography (CT) Scanner Resolution , 1977, Other Conferences.

[46]  C H McCollough,et al.  Novel ultrahigh resolution data acquisition and image reconstruction for multi-detector row CT. , 2007, Medical physics.

[47]  Y. Tsunashima,et al.  Correlation between the respiratory waveform measured using a respiratory sensor and 3D tumor motion in gated radiotherapy. , 2004, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[48]  A J Lomax,et al.  Intensity modulated proton therapy and its sensitivity to treatment uncertainties 2: the potential effects of inter-fraction and inter-field motions , 2008, Physics in medicine and biology.

[49]  P M Joseph,et al.  The effects of scatter in x-ray computed tomography. , 1982, Medical physics.

[50]  Harald Paganetti,et al.  The prediction of output factors for spread-out proton Bragg peak fields in clinical practice , 2005, Physics in medicine and biology.

[51]  Andrew Thomas,et al.  Beam-specific planning target volumes incorporating 4D CT for pencil beam scanning proton therapy of thoracic tumors. , 2015, Journal of applied clinical medical physics.

[52]  R. Ferrand,et al.  Calibration of CT Hounsfield units for proton therapy treatment planning: use of kilovoltage and megavoltage images and comparison of parameterized methods , 2013, Physics in medicine and biology.

[53]  Katrin Große.  GSI Scientific Report 2016 , 2017 .

[54]  R K Ten Haken,et al.  The reproducibility of organ position using active breathing control (ABC) during liver radiotherapy. , 2001, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[55]  Issam El Naqa,et al.  Pelvic normal tissue contouring guidelines for radiation therapy: a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group consensus panel atlas. , 2012, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[56]  Karin Haustermans,et al.  Radiation Therapy Oncology Group consensus panel guidelines for the delineation of the clinical target volume in the postoperative treatment of pancreatic head cancer. , 2012, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[57]  Wayne D Newhauser,et al.  Water equivalent thickness values of materials used in beams of protons, helium, carbon and iron ions , 2010, Physics in medicine and biology.

[58]  B. R. Pullan,et al.  X-ray energies for effective atomic number determination , 2004, Neuroradiology.

[59]  N. Kanematsu.  Semi-empirical formulation of multiple scattering for the Gaussian beam model of heavy charged particles stopping in tissue-like matter , 2008, Physics in medicine and biology.

[60]  Jan-Jakob Sonke,et al.  Quality assurance for image-guided radiation therapy utilizing CT-based technologies: a report of the AAPM TG-179. , 2012, Medical physics.

[61]  Kentaro Uesugi,et al.  Measurement of electron density in dual-energy x-ray CT with monochromatic x rays and evaluation of its accuracy. , 2008, Medical physics.

[62]  M. Bussière,et al.  Treatment Planning for Conformal Proton Radiation Therapy , 2003, Technology in cancer research & treatment.

[63]  Pedro Andreo,et al.  On the clinical spatial resolution achievable with protons and heavier charged particle radiotherapy beams , 2009, Physics in medicine and biology.

[64]  Michael B Sharpe,et al.  Initial clinical experience with moderate deep-inspiration breath hold using an active breathing control device in the treatment of patients with left-sided breast cancer using external beam radiation therapy. , 2003, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[65]  Steffen Greilich,et al.  Experimental verification of ion stopping power prediction from dual energy CT data in tissue surrogates , 2014, Physics in medicine and biology.

[66]  J. Purdy,et al.  Validating the RTOG-endorsed brachial plexus contouring atlas: an evaluation of reproducibility among patients treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head-and-neck cancer. , 2012, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[67]  T. Kron,et al.  Seminal vesicle interfraction displacement and margins in image guided radiotherapy for prostate cancer , 2012, Radiation oncology.

[68]  Zhengrong Liang,et al.  Reconstruction for proton computed tomography by tracing proton trajectories: a Monte Carlo study. , 2006, Medical physics.

[69]  H. Genant,et al.  Quantitative bone mineral analysis using dual energy computed tomography. , 1977, Investigative radiology.

[70]  M. Moyers,et al.  Range, Range Modulation, and Field Radius Requirements for Proton Therapy of Prostate Cancer , 2003, Technology in cancer research & treatment.

[71]  M Goitein,et al.  Calculation of the uncertainty in the dose delivered during radiation therapy. , 1985, Medical physics.

[72]  Wei Liu,et al.  Robust radiotherapy planning , 2018, Physics in medicine and biology.

[73]  G. Starkschall,et al.  American Association of Physicists in Medicine Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group 53: quality assurance for clinical radiotherapy treatment planning. , 1998, Medical physics.

[74]  Norman Coleman,et al.  Accuracy of 3D volumetric image registration based on CT, MR and PET/CT phantom experiments , 2008, Journal of applied clinical medical physics.

[75]  Thomas Bortfeld,et al.  Reducing the sensitivity of IMPT treatment plans to setup errors and range uncertainties via probabilistic treatment planning. , 2008, Medical physics.

[76]  E Pedroni,et al.  The precision of proton range calculations in proton radiotherapy treatment planning: experimental verification of the relation between CT-HU and proton stopping power. , 1998, Physics in medicine and biology.

[77]  Katia Parodi,et al.  Clinical implementation of full Monte Carlo dose calculation in proton beam therapy , 2008, Physics in medicine and biology.

[78]  Heng Li,et al.  Use of treatment log files in spot scanning proton therapy as part of patient-specific quality assurance. , 2013, Medical physics.

[79]  Steven J Frank,et al.  Variations in proton scanned beam dose delivery due to uncertainties in magnetic beam steering. , 2009, Medical physics.

[80]  W D McDavid,et al.  Extraction of information from CT scans at different energies. , 1979, Medical physics.

[81]  Peter Sigmund,et al.  Errata and Addenda for ICRU Report 73, Stopping of ions heavier than helium , 2009 .

[82]  Hsiao-Ming Lu,et al.  Optimization of current modulation function for proton spread-out Bragg peak fields. , 2006, Medical physics.

[83]  Michael F Moyers,et al.  Isocenter characteristics of an external ring proton gantry. , 2004, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[84]  Radhe Mohan,et al.  Monte Carlo simulations for configuring and testing an analytical proton dose-calculation algorithm , 2007, Physics in medicine and biology.

[85]  Lei Dong,et al.  A beam-specific planning target volume (PTV) design for proton therapy to account for setup and range uncertainties. , 2012, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[86]  U Oelfke,et al.  Simulation and visualization of dose uncertainties due to interfractional organ motion. , 2006, Physics in medicine and biology.

[87]  Takeshi Hiraoka,et al.  Energy loss of 70 MeV protons in elements , 1992 .

[88]  Bijan Arjomandy,et al.  A procedure for calculation of monitor units for passively scattered proton radiotherapy beams. , 2008, Medical physics.

[89]  R. Mohan,et al.  Theoretical variance analysis of single- and dual-energy computed tomography methods for calculating proton stopping power ratios of biological tissues , 2010, Physics in medicine and biology.

[90]  Radhe Mohan,et al.  Effectiveness of robust optimization in intensity-modulated proton therapy planning for head and neck cancers. , 2013, Medical physics.

[91]  N. Hanna,et al.  The remarkably distensible stomach: Case report highlighting the implications of gastric filling on radiation treatment planning for gastric lymphoma. , 2012, Practical radiation oncology.

[92]  Anders Forsgren,et al.  Minimax optimization for handling range and setup uncertainties in proton therapy. , 2011, Medical physics.

[93]  Xiaochuan Pan,et al.  Sampling and aliasing consequences of quarter-detector offset use in helical CT , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[94]  Wei Chen,et al.  Including robustness in multi-criteria optimization for intensity-modulated proton therapy , 2011, Physics in medicine and biology.

[95]  Herwig G. Paretzke,et al.  Electron inelastic-scattering cross sections in liquid water , 1999 .

[96]  Michael Velec,et al.  Accumulated dose in liver stereotactic body radiotherapy: positioning, breathing, and deformation effects. , 2012, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[97]  M. Endo,et al.  Irradiation System for HIMAC. , 2007, Journal of radiation research.

[98]  M. Gao,et al.  A method for modeling laterally asymmetric proton beamlets resulting from collimation. , 2015, Medical physics.

[99]  A Brahme,et al.  Radiotherapeutic computed tomography with scanned photon beams. , 1987, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[100]  E. Pedroni,et al.  The calibration of CT Hounsfield units for radiotherapy treatment planning. , 1996, Physics in medicine and biology.

[101]  Ute Linz,et al.  Ion beam therapy : fundamentals, technology, clinical applications , 2012 .

[102]  H. Paganetti.  Range uncertainties in proton therapy and the role of Monte Carlo simulations , 2012, Physics in medicine and biology.

[103]  Jonathan B Farr,et al.  Range and modulation dependencies for proton beam dose per monitor unit calculations. , 2009, Medical physics.

[104]  Trevor Leong,et al.  Clinical Investigation : Gastrointestinal Cancer Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group ( AGITG ) Contouring Atlas and Planning Guidelines for Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy in Anal Cancer , 2012 .

[105]  D. Followill,et al.  Independent dose per monitor unit review of eight U.S.A. proton treatment facilities. , 2013, Medical physics.

[106]  M. V. van Herk,et al.  The probability of correct target dosage: dose-population histograms for deriving treatment margins in radiotherapy. , 2000, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[108]  J. F. Janni.  Proton Range-Energy Tables, 1 keV-10 GeV, Energy Loss, Range, Path Length, Time-of-Flight, Straggling, Multiple Scattering, and Nuclear Interaction Probability. Part I. For 63 Compounds , 1982 .

[109]  R. Mohan,et al.  Commissioning dose computation models for spot scanning proton beams in water for a commercially available treatment planning system. , 2013, Medical physics.

[110]  G. Coutrakon,et al.  Calibration of a proton beam energy monitor. , 2007, Medical physics.

[111]  X Allen Li,et al.  Characterization and management of interfractional anatomic changes for pancreatic cancer radiotherapy. , 2012, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[112]  O Jäkel,et al.  Treatment planning for heavy-ion radiotherapy: physical beam model and dose optimization. , 2000, Physics in medicine and biology.

[113]  C. Hess,et al.  The Impact of Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) and Clinical Target Volume (CTV) Definition on the Total Accuracy in Radiotherapy , 2003, Strahlentherapie und Onkologie.

[114]  D. Low,et al.  A technique for the quantitative evaluation of dose distributions. , 1998, Medical physics.

[115]  G J Kutcher,et al.  Deep inspiration breath-hold technique for lung tumors: the potential value of target immobilization and reduced lung density in dose escalation. , 1999, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[116]  Daniel W. Miller,et al.  Ion stopping powers and CT numbers. , 2010, Medical dosimetry : official journal of the American Association of Medical Dosimetrists.

[117]  R M Lewitt,et al.  Processing of incomplete measurement data in computed tomography. , 1979, Medical physics.

[118]  C. Bäumer,et al.  Lateral dose profile characterization in scanning particle therapy. , 2011, Medical physics.

[119]  A. Niemierko.  Reporting and analyzing dose distributions: a concept of equivalent uniform dose. , 1997, Medical physics.

[120]  Raymond P. Rossi,et al.  Specification and Acceptance Testing of Computed Tomography Scanners , 1993 .

[121]  C. Ainsley,et al.  Experimental characterization of two-dimensional pencil beam scanning proton spot profiles , 2013, Physics in medicine and biology.

[122]  G H Olivera,et al.  The use of megavoltage CT (MVCT) images for dose recomputations , 2005, Physics in medicine and biology.

[123]  T Kanai,et al.  Broad beam three-dimensional irradiation for proton radiotherapy. , 1983, Medical physics.

[124]  Michael F. Moyers,et al.  LLUPTF: Eleven years and beyond , 2002 .

[125]  Radhe Mohan,et al.  Comprehensive analysis of proton range uncertainties related to patient stopping-power-ratio estimation using the stoichiometric calibration , 2012, Physics in medicine and biology.

[126]  E. Iso,et al.  Measurement Uncertainty and Probability: Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement , 1995 .

[127]  K. Katagiri,et al.  BEAM MONITORS OF NIRS FAST SCANNING SYSTEM FOR PARTICLE THERAPY , 2012 .

[128]  H. Bichsel,et al.  Aspects of Fast-Ion Dosimetry , 2000, Radiation research.

[129]  M. Goitein.  Three-dimensional density reconstruction from a series of two-dimensional projections , 1972 .

[130]  Radhe Mohan,et al.  Can megavoltage computed tomography reduce proton range uncertainties in treatment plans for patients with large metal implants? , 2008, Physics in medicine and biology.

[131]  Issam El Naqa,et al.  Elective clinical target volumes for conformal therapy in anorectal cancer: a radiation therapy oncology group consensus panel contouring atlas. , 2009, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[132]  Radhe Mohan,et al.  Robust optimization of intensity modulated proton therapy. , 2012, Medical physics.

[133]  X. Qian,et al.  Proton Therapy Physics , 2012 .

[134]  J. Palta,et al.  Uncertainties in External Beam Radiation Therapy , 2011 .

[135]  T. Toth.  Image Quality in CT: Challenges and Perspectives , 2012 .

[136]  Harald Paganetti,et al.  Reoptimization of Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy Plans Based on Linear Energy Transfer. , 2016, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[137]  Myonggeun Yoon,et al.  Computerized tomography-based quality assurance tool for proton range compensators. , 2008, Medical physics.

[138]  Juliane Daartz,et al.  On the nuclear halo of a proton pencil beam stopping in water , 2014, Physics in medicine and biology.

[139]  M Goitein,et al.  A pencil beam algorithm for proton dose calculations. , 1996, Physics in medicine and biology.

[140]  Jonathan B Farr,et al.  Energy spectrum control for modulated proton beams. , 2009, Medical physics.

[141]  D F Jackson,et al.  The relation between X-ray CT numbers and charged particle stopping powers and its significance for radiotherapy treatment planning. , 1983, Physics in medicine and biology.

[142]  G. Cuttone,et al.  Proton Radiography Studies for Proton CT , 2006, 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record.

[143]  Bostjan Likar,et al.  A review of 3D/2D registration methods for image-guided interventions , 2012, Medical Image Anal..

[144]  G. Kuduvalli,et al.  A fast, accurate, and automatic 2D-3D image registration for image-guided cranial radiosurgery. , 2008, Medical physics.

[145]  Fang-Fang Yin,et al.  Task Group 142 report: quality assurance of medical accelerators. , 2009, Medical physics.

[146]  B. A. Ludewigt,et al.  Instrumentation for Treatment of Cancer Using Proton and Light-Ion Beams , 1993 .

[147]  Rasmus Bokrantz,et al.  A critical evaluation of worst case optimization methods for robust intensity-modulated proton therapy planning. , 2014, Medical physics.

[148]  J. N. Bradbury,et al.  COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY USING PROTON ENERGY LOSS , 1981, Physics in medicine and biology.

[149]  M Goitein,et al.  Limitations of two-dimensional treatment planning programs. , 1982, Medical physics.

[150]  A Brahme,et al.  Dosimetric precision requirements in radiation therapy. , 1984, Acta radiologica. Oncology.

[151]  M. Moyers.  Comparison of x ray computed tomography number to proton relative linear stopping power conversion functions using a standard phantom. , 2014, Medical physics.

[152]  J. Fabrikant.  HEAVY-ION RADIOGRAPHY AND HEAVY-ION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY , 1982 .

[153]  C K McGarry,et al.  Assessing the daily consistency of bladder filling using an ultrasonic Bladderscan device in men receiving radical conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer. , 2011, The British journal of radiology.

[154]  E Pedroni,et al.  Multiple Coulomb scattering and spatial resolution in proton radiography. , 1994, Medical physics.

[155]  Franca Foppiano,et al.  Rectal and bladder motion during conformal radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy. , 2005, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[156]  John R. Zullo,et al.  An overview of the comprehensive proton therapy machine quality assurance procedures implemented at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Proton Therapy Center-Houston. , 2009, Medical physics.

[157]  Keh-Shih Chuang,et al.  Beam Hardening Correction for Computed Tomography Images Using a Postreconstruction Method and Equivalent Tisssue Concept , 2001, Journal of Digital Imaging.

[158]  A CT-based software tool for evaluating compensator quality in passively scattered proton therapy. , 2010, Physics in medicine and biology.

[159]  U Titt,et al.  Therapeutic step and shoot proton beam spot-scanning with a multi-leaf collimator: a Monte Carlo study. , 2005, Radiation protection dosimetry.

[160]  Heng Li,et al.  On the interplay effects with proton scanning beams in stage III lung cancer. , 2014, Medical physics.

[161]  Chee-Wai Cheng.  Practical Implementation of Light Ion Beam Treatments , 2013 .

[162]  E Graif,et al.  CT number variations due to different image acquisition and reconstruction parameters: a thorax phantom study. , 2000, Computerized medical imaging and graphics : the official journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society.

[163]  N. Vapiwala,et al.  Linear energy transfer painting with proton therapy: a means of reducing radiation doses with equivalent clinical effectiveness. , 2015, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[164]  H Edwin Romeijn,et al.  A fourier analysis on the maximum acceptable grid size for discrete proton beam dose calculation. , 2006, Medical physics.

[165]  Niko Papanikolaou,et al.  Prospective randomized double-blind pilot study of site-specific consensus atlas implementation for rectal cancer target volume delineation in the cooperative group setting. , 2011, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[166]  Bijan Arjomandy,et al.  Patient-specific quality assurance for prostate cancer patients receiving spot scanning proton therapy using single-field uniform dose. , 2011, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[167]  Steven J Frank,et al.  PTV-based IMPT optimization incorporating planning risk volumes vs robust optimization. , 2013, Medical physics.

[168]  G. Coutrakon,et al.  Dose error analysis for a scanned proton beam delivery system , 2010, Physics in medicine and biology.

[169]  P Zygmanski,et al.  The measurement of proton stopping power using proton-cone-beam computed tomography. , 2000, Physics in medicine and biology.

[170]  Wayne D Newhauser,et al.  Calculation of water equivalent thickness of materials of arbitrary density , elemental composition and thickness in proton beam irradiation , 2009 .

[171]  T. Clutton-Brock,et al.  Safely prolonging single breath-holds to >5 min in patients with cancer; feasibility and applications for radiotherapy , 2016, The British journal of radiology.

[172]  Julia F. Barrett,et al.  Artifacts in CT: recognition and avoidance. , 2004, Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

[173]  Radhe Mohan,et al.  Experimental characterization of the low-dose envelope of spot scanning proton beams , 2010, Physics in medicine and biology.

[174]  J. Smathers,et al.  The Modern Technology of Radiation Oncology: A Compendium for Medical Physicists and Radiation Oncologists , 1999 .

[175]  Jacob Van Dyk,et al.  Accuracy and Uncertainty Considerations in Modern Radiation Oncology , 2013 .

[176]  J. Moeller,et al.  Electron arc therapy: design, implementation and evaluation of a dynamic multi-vane collimator system. , 1989, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[177]  M F Kijewski,et al.  The noise power spectrum of CT images. , 1987, Physics in medicine and biology.

[178]  Christin Wirth.  The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging , 2003, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[179]  O. Jäkel,et al.  Investigations of a flat-panel detector for quality assurance measurements in ion beam therapy , 2012, Physics in Medicine and Biology.

[180]  U. Oelfke,et al.  Two-dimensional pencil beam scaling: an improved proton dose algorithm for heterogeneous media. , 2002, Physics in medicine and biology.

[181]  F Dessy,et al.  Fundamental radiological and geometric performance of two types of proton beam modulated discrete scanning systems. , 2013, Medical physics.

[182]  J J Battista,et al.  Computed tomography for radiotherapy planning. , 1980, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[183]  David Sarrut,et al.  Optimization of GEANT4 settings for Proton Pencil Beam Scanning simulations using GATE , 2010 .