Effect of Closed-Loop Motion Cueing Algorithm for a Six-Degrees-of-Freedom Dynamic Simulator on Pupil Diameter as a Driver Stress Factor

This paper describes the contribution of the closed-loop control of the motion platform (six degrees of freedom: longitudinal, lateral, and vertical displacements; pitch, roll, yaw) and motion platform’s three-dimensional (3D) displacement scale factor (SF) (0.2 and 1.0) on eye pupil diameter (PD) as an objective measure of driver cognitive load. Longitudinal, lateral, and vertical accelerations as well as longitudinal, lateral, and vertical positions from the center of gravity (CG) of the vehicle were registered through the driving simulation software SCANeRstudio® from OKTAL. Closed-loop control decreases the driver mental load. This type of closed-loop control can be used to decrease the driver mental load.

[1]  A Kemeny,et al.  The role of motion platform on postural instability and head vibration exposure at driving simulators. , 2014, Human movement science.

[2]  Frédéric Merienne,et al.  Influence of Inertial Stimulus on Visuo-Vestibular Cues Conflict for Lateral Dynamics at Driving Simulators , 2013 .

[3]  Y. Hirata,et al.  Customization of wavelet function for pupil fluctuation analysis to evaluate levels of sleepiness , 2012 .

[4]  Zhou Fang,et al.  STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT WASHOUT ALGORITHMS ON SIMULATOR SICKNESS FOR A DRIVING SIMULATION TASK , 2011 .

[5]  Andrew L. Kun,et al.  Estimating cognitive load using remote eye tracking in a driving simulator , 2010, ETRA.

[6]  Martin Bergstrand.  Automatic analysis of eye tracker data from a driving simulator , 2008 .

[7]  J. Beatty.  Task-evoked pupillary responses, processing load, and the structure of processing resources. , 1982 .

[8]  Andras Kemeny,et al.  Motion sickness evaluation and comparison for a static driving simulator and a dynamic driving simulator , 2014 .

[9]  Nemanja Memarovic,et al.  Glancing at personal navigation devices can affect driving: experimental results and design implications , 2009, AutomotiveUI.

[10]  Andrew L. Kun,et al.  A Pilot Study of the Influence of Illumination and Cognitive Load on Pupil Diameter in a Driving Simulator , 2010 .

[11]  Martin Meywerk,et al.  Study of the Influence of an Active Roll Controller on a Load-Dependent Vehicle Stability , 2009 .

[12]  Angel R. Martinez,et al.  MATLAB Statistics Toolbox , 2001 .

[13]  Kevin P. Moloney,et al.  Wavelet classification of high frequency pupillary responses , 2006 .

[14]  H. Lüdtke,et al.  Mathematical procedures in data recording and processing of pupillary fatigue waves , 1998, Vision Research.

[15]  T. Jung,et al.  Task performance and eye activity: predicting behavior relating to cognitive workload. , 2007, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[16]  Yuko Fujigaki,et al.  Longitudinal Study of Work Stress Among Information System Professionals , 1997, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact..

[17]  Veikko Surakka,et al.  Pupil size variation as an indication of affective processing , 2003, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[18]  S. P. Marshall,et al.  The Index of Cognitive Activity: measuring cognitive workload , 2002, Proceedings of the IEEE 7th Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants.

[19]  Exploring the Estimation of Cognitive Load in Human Robot Interaction , 2014 .

[20]  Simone Benedetto,et al.  Driver workload and eye blink duration , 2011 .

[21]  Minoru Nakayama,et al.  Frequency analysis of task evoked pupillary response and eye-movement , 2004, ETRA.

[22]  Jean-Michel Poggi,et al.  Wavelet Toolbox User s Guide , 1996 .

[23]  Kristin S. Moore,et al.  Mobile phone use in a driving simulation task: Differences in eye movements , 2010 .

[24]  Zhao Yang,et al.  Simulation sickness comparison between a limited field of view virtual reality head mounted display (Oculus) and a medium range field of view static ecological driving simulator (Eco2) , 2014 .

[25]  Joseph Sharit,et al.  Stress reactions to computer-interactive tasks as a function of task structure and individual differences , 1993, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact..

[26]  M. Pomplun,et al.  Pupil Dilation as an Indicator of Cognitive Workload in Human-Computer Interaction , 2003 .

[27]  Thierry Baccino,et al.  Automatic Stress Classification With Pupil Diameter Analysis , 2014, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact..

[28]  Frédéric Merienne,et al.  Influence of a new discrete‐time LQR‐based motion cueing on driving simulator , 2014 .

[29]  Dario D. Salvucci.  Predicting the effects of in-car interfaces on driver behavior using a cognitive architecture , 2001, CHI.

[30]  Tamar Frankel.  [The theory and the practice...]. , 2001, Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde.

[31]  Pat Hanrahan,et al.  Measuring the task-evoked pupillary response with a remote eye tracker , 2008, ETRA.

[32]  Andrew L. Kun,et al.  Exploring the effects of size and luminance of visual targets on the pupillary light reflex , 2012, AutomotiveUI.

[33]  Andrew L. Kun,et al.  Exploring the Influence of Light and Cognitive Load on Pupil Diameter Driving Simulator Studies , 2017 .

[34]  Baris Aykent.  Effects of Sway Acceleration Control on Rollover Propensity and Assessment of Lateral Specific Forces , 2010 .

[35]  J. Beatty,et al.  The pupillary system. , 2000 .

[36]  Steven L. Sauter.  Job stress and human-computer interaction , 1991, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact..

[37]  Frédéric Merienne,et al.  A LQR washout algorithm for a driving simulator equipped with a hexapod platform : the relationship of neuromuscular dynamics with the sensed illness rating , 2012 .

[38]  Andras Kemeny,et al.  The Influence of the feedback control of the hexapod platform of the SAAM dynamic driving simulator on neuromuscular dynamics of the drivers , 2012 .

[39]  Frédéric Merienne,et al.  The Role of a Novel Discrete-Time MRAC Based Motion Cueing on Loss of Control at a Hexapod Driving Simulator , 2015 .

[40]  A. Jacobs,et al.  The coupling of emotion and cognition in the eye: introducing the pupil old/new effect. , 2007, Psychophysiology.

[41]  Erhardt Barth,et al.  Simple gaze-contingent cues guide eye movements in a realistic driving simulator , 2013, Electronic Imaging.

[42]  Christopher D. Wickens,et al.  Multiple resources and performance prediction , 2002 .

[43]  Frédéric Merienne,et al.  Effect of VR Device – HMD and Screen Display – on the sickness for Driving Simulation , 2015 .

[44]  Tuan Tran,et al.  Exploring the Potential of Short-Time Fourier Transforms for Analyzing Skin Conductance and Pupillometry in Real-Time Applications , 2008 .

[45]  Baris Aykent.  Etude des lois de commande de la plateforme de simulation de conduite et influence sur le mal de simulateur , 2013 .

[46]  B. Goldwater.  Psychological significance of pupillary movements. , 1972, Psychological bulletin.

[47]  M. Bradley,et al.  The pupil as a measure of emotional arousal and autonomic activation. , 2008, Psychophysiology.

[48]  Jack T. Dennerlein,et al.  FRUSTRATING COMPUTERS USERS INCREASES EXPOSURE TO PHYSICAL FACTORS , 2002 .