1200°C high-temperature distributed optical fiber sensing by using brillouin optical time domain analysis

An up to 1100°C and 1200°C high-temperature distributed Brillouin sensing based on a GeO2-doped single mode fiber (SMF) and a pure-silica photonics crystal fiber (PCF) are demonstrated, respectively. We found that the BFS dependence on temperature of SMF and PCF agrees well with an exponential function instead of a linear function, which is mainly attributed by the change of the acoustic velocity in a silica fiber. A Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) hopping is observed in both kinds of fiber between 800°C-900°C in the first annealing process and after that the BFS exhibits the stability and repeatability with a measurement accuracy as high as ±1.42°C for SMF and ±2.6°C for PCF, respectively. The BFS hopping is a highly temperature-dependent behavior, which means that a high-temperature (> 800°C) would accelerate the process of BFS hopping to reach a stable state and after BFS hopping, both SMF and PCF shows good repeatability from 1000°C to 1100°C and 1000°C to 1200°C without annealing. The process of coating burning of silica fiber not only introduces a loss induced by micro-bending but also imposes a compressive stress on the bare fiber, which contributes to an additional BFS variation at the temperature period of coating burning (272°C-564°C).

[1]  R. Stolen,et al.  Stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers , 1972 .

[2]  H. Dardy,et al.  High‐temperature Brillouin scattering in fused quartz , 1974 .

[3]  T. Horiguchi,et al.  Optical-fiber-attenuation investigation using stimulated Brillouin scattering between a pulse and a continuous wave. , 1989, Optics letters.

[4]  J. Rousseau,et al.  Relaxation of internal stresses in optical fibers , 1990 .

[5]  A. Rose.  Devitrification in annealed optical fiber , 1997 .

[6]  L. Thévenaz,et al.  Brillouin gain spectrum characterization in optical fibres from 1 to 1000 K , 2003 .

[7]  Toshihiko Yoshino,et al.  Wide temperature-range Brillouin and Rayleigh optical-time-domain reflectometry in a dispersion-shifted fiber. , 2003, Applied optics.

[8]  Toshihiko Yoshino,et al.  Wide-range temperature dependence of Brillouin shift in a dispersion-shifted fiber and its annealing effect , 2003 .

[9]  B. Ipson,et al.  High-temperature sensing using surface relief fiber Bragg gratings , 2005, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[10]  Kinzo Kishida,et al.  Pulse pre-pump method for cm-order spatial resolution of BOTDA , 2005, International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors.

[11]  J. Villatoro,et al.  High-temperature sensing with tapers made of microstructured optical fiber , 2006, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[12]  Douglas B. Leviton,et al.  Temperature-dependent absolute refractive index measurements of synthetic fused silica , 2006, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[13]  X. Bao,et al.  Differential pulse-width pair BOTDA for high spatial resolution sensing. , 2008, Optics express.

[14]  J. Villatoro,et al.  Thermally stabilized PCF-based sensor for temperature measurements up to 1000 degrees C. , 2009, Optics express.

[15]  B. Rufflé,et al.  Scaling the temperature-dependent boson peak of vitreous silica with the high-frequency bulk modulus derived from Brillouin scattering data. , 2010, Physical review letters.

[16]  Yunjiang Rao,et al.  Fabry–Perot optical fiber tip sensor for high temperature measurement , 2010 .

[17]  Yongkang Dong,et al.  High-Spatial-Resolution Time-Domain Simultaneous Strain and Temperature Sensor Using Brillouin Scattering and Birefringence in a Polarization-Maintaining Fiber , 2010, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[18]  Kentaro Nakamura,et al.  Experimental study of Brillouin scattering in perfluorinated polymer optical fiber at telecommunication wavelength , 2010 .

[19]  L. Thévenaz,et al.  Simplex-coded BOTDA fiber sensor with 1 m spatial resolution over a 50 km range. , 2010, Optics Letters.

[20]  Pedro Corredera,et al.  Distributed Brillouin Fiber Sensor Assisted by First-Order Raman Amplification , 2010, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[21]  Xiaoyi Bao,et al.  Time-division multiplexing-based BOTDA over 100 km sensing length. , 2011, Optics letters.

[22]  Yosuke Mizuno,et al.  Brillouin gain spectrum dependence on large strain in perfluorinated graded-index polymer optical fiber. , 2012, Optics express.

[23]  Yongkang Dong,et al.  2 cm spatial-resolution and 2 km range Brillouin optical fiber sensor using a transient differential pulse pair. , 2012, Applied optics.

[24]  Ming Deng,et al.  High-temperature measurement by using a PCF-based Fabry–Perot interferometer , 2012 .

[25]  Yongkang Dong,et al.  Extending the Sensing Range of Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis Combining Frequency-Division Multiplexing and In-Line EDFAs , 2012, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[26]  Hui Li,et al.  High-Spatial-Resolution Fast BOTDA for Dynamic Strain Measurement Based on Differential Double-Pulse and Second-Order Sideband of Modulation , 2013, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[27]  Yongkang Dong,et al.  Characterization of evolution of mode coupling in a graded-index polymer optical fiber by using Brillouin optical time-domain analysis. , 2014, Optics express.

[28]  Rodrigo Amezcua-Correa,et al.  Multicore fiber sensor for high-temperature applications up to 1000°C. , 2014, Optics letters.

[29]  Ruohui Wang,et al.  High Temperature Measurement Up to 1100 C Using a Polarization-Maintaining , 2014 .

[30]  Ruohui Wang,et al.  High Temperature Measurement Up to 1100 $^{\circ} \hbox{C}$ Using a Polarization-Maintaining Photonic Crystal Fiber , 2014, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[31]  Rodrigo Amezcua-Correa,et al.  Optimization of multicore fiber for high-temperature sensing. , 2014, Optics letters.

[32]  Thibaut Sylvestre,et al.  Brillouin light scattering from surface acoustic waves in a subwavelength-diameter optical fibre , 2014, Nature Communications.

[33]  B. Y. Kim,et al.  Few-mode fiber multi-parameter sensor with distributed temperature and strain discrimination. , 2015, Optics letters.

[34]  Yongkang Dong,et al.  Bend-insensitive distributed sensing in singlemode-multimode-singlemode optical fiber structure by using Brillouin optical time-domain analysis. , 2015, Optics express.