A Complete LoRaWAN Model for Single-Gateway Scenarios

LoRaWAN is a Low Power Wide Area Network technology featuring long transmission range and a simple MAC layer that have favored its adoption and usage in large-scale deployments. While LoRaWAN's main use case consists in unconfirmed sensor data collection, the standard also considers confirmed traffic, enabling control applications and reliable services. Although this feature does have important implications in terms of system settings and performance, it has mostly been overlooked in the literature. To contribute filling this gap, in this paper we provide a mathematical model to estimate the performance of a LoRaWAN gateway serving a set of devices that may employ confirmed traffic. The model also features a set of parameters that can be adjusted to investigate different behaviors of the gateway, making it possible to carry out a systematic analysis of various trade-offs. The accuracy of the proposed model is validated against ns-3 LoRaWAN simulations.

[1]  Andrea Zanella,et al.  Confirmed traffic in LoRaWAN: Pitfalls and countermeasures , 2018, 2018 17th Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop (Med-Hoc-Net).

[2]  Ilenia Tinnirello,et al.  Impact of LoRa Imperfect Orthogonality: Analysis of Link-Level Performance , 2018, IEEE Communications Letters.

[3]  Dmitry Bankov,et al.  Mathematical model of LoRaWAN channel access with capture effect , 2017, 2017 IEEE 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC).

[4]  Thomas Watteyne,et al.  Understanding the Limits of LoRaWAN , 2016, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[5]  Evgeny Khorov,et al.  LoRaWAN Modeling and MCS Allocation to Satisfy Heterogeneous QoS Requirements , 2019, Sensors.

[6]  Claire Goursaud,et al.  Dedicated networks for IoT : PHY / MAC state of the art and challenges , 2015, IOT 2015.

[7]  Davide Magrin,et al.  Performance evaluation of LoRa networks in a smart city scenario , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[8]  Sneha A. Dalvi,et al.  Internet of Things for Smart Cities , 2017 .

[9]  Andrea Zanella,et al.  A Thorough Study of LoRaWAN Performance Under Different Parameter Settings , 2019, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[10]  Alexandre Guitton,et al.  Performance analysis of the on-the-air activation in LoRaWAN , 2016, 2016 IEEE 7th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON).

[11]  Mahesh Sooriyabandara,et al.  Does Bidirectional Traffic Do More Harm Than Good in LoRaWAN Based LPWA Networks? , 2017, GLOBECOM 2017 - 2017 IEEE Global Communications Conference.

[12]  Jean Schwoerer,et al.  Capacity limits of LoRaWAN technology for smart metering applications , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[13]  Ingrid Moerman,et al.  Scalability Analysis of Large-Scale LoRaWAN Networks in ns-3 , 2017, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[14]  Sofie Pollin,et al.  A LoRaWAN module for ns-3: implementation and evaluation , 2018, WNS3.

[15]  Andrea Zanella,et al.  Mathematical Modeling of LoRa WAN Performance with Bi-directional Traffic , 2018, 2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM).

[16]  Orestis Georgiou,et al.  Low Power Wide Area Network Analysis: Can LoRa Scale? , 2016, IEEE Wireless Communications Letters.

[17]  Dong Min Kim,et al.  Analysis of Latency and MAC-Layer Performance for Class A LoRaWAN , 2017, IEEE Wireless Communications Letters.

[18]  Josephat Kalezhi,et al.  The internet of things in agriculture for sustainable rural development , 2015, 2015 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Networks and Computer Communications (ETNCC).

[19]  Yuehong Yin,et al.  The internet of things in healthcare: An overview , 2016, J. Ind. Inf. Integr..

[20]  Jean-Jacques Chaillout,et al.  Energy Consumption Model for Sensor Nodes Based on LoRa and LoRaWAN , 2018, Sensors.