A Traffic-based Method for Safety Impact Assessment of Road Vehicle Automation

One of the major challenges for enabling market introduction of automated driving is to identify risks and benefits of these functions. For this purpose, a new framework for assessing the safety impact of automated driving functions has been investigated. The developed framework takes the characteristics of automated driving functions into account. Automated driving functions in contrast to active safety systems continuously control the behaviour of the vehicle. Thus, it is possible that automated driving functions will get involved less frequently in accident scenarios playing a major role at human driving, e.g. rear-end accident scenarios. On the other hand, it is likely that other previously irrelevant accident types will rise. Therefore, besides investigating the change of severity of an accident by using accident re-simulations, the changes of frequency of occurrence of driving scenarios induced by automated driving are considered as well. These changes in frequency of occurrence of driving scenarios are analysed by using traffic simulations. After determining the effectiveness of the automated driving function, it is projected and depicted over the whole territory of the Federal Republic of Germany. The methodology is applied on five generic automated driving functions as for example a generic “Motorway-Chauffeur” (SAE level 3) and a generic “Urban Robot-Taxi” (SAE level 4). This paper provides the results of the safety impact assessment of these automated driving functions.