Review of Models to Predict Internal Pitting Corrosion Of Oil and Gas Pipelines

Internal pit t ing corrosion is a significant factor in the degradat ion of pipel ines used for oil and gas production. The penetration of the pipe wall by pits is a process that consists of three stages: formation of a passive layer on the steel surface, initiation of pits at localized regions on the steel surface where film breakdown occurs, and pit propagat ion and eventual penetration of the pipe wall. This paper reviews the various models (based on corrosion science, electrochemical science, and corrosion engineer ing approach) that can be used to predict internal pitting corrosion of oil and gas pipelines. Models that have been developed based on laboratory exper iments are analysed to assess the ef fec ts of experimental duration, apparatus, and condi t ions on the results. Electrochemical react ions arc involved in all three stages. Applicabil i ty of electrochemical models to predict internal pitting corrosion of pipel ines is analysed. Analysis of t ime-series data f rom oil and gas fields indicated no significant d i f ferences in superficial oil, water, and gas velocit ies and watercut between pipelines that had failed and those that had not. Addit ionally, there is no correlation of other operat ing parameters , such as pipe inclination, operat ing pressure (both maximum and average) and hydrogen sulf ide (H2S), with pit growth rates. None of the three models cover all e lements of pitting corrosion, but each

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