Développement d'outils et de méthodes de télédétection spatiale optique et radar nécessaires à la haute résolution spatiale

Le travail de recherche presente dans ce memoire de these est dedie au developpement des methodes en teledetection radar polarimetrique et interferometrique. L'interferometrie radar a synthese d'ouverture renseigne sur la topographie de la zone etudiee ou sur ses deformations. Nous mettons en place des traitements interferometriques pour obtenir un champ de deplacement au sol. La polarimetrie radar etudie les interactions de l'onde electromagnetique avec le milieu etudie et nous informe sur les proprietes physiques des retrodiffuseurs. Nous examinons en detail les deux modeles de parametrisation des vecteurs de retrodiffusion : le modele alpha/beta et le modele TSVM. Nous proposons ensuite d'utiliser la distribution de Fisher pour modeliser la texture dans les images polarimetriques. En utilisant le modele multiplicatif scalaire, nous derivons l'expression litterale de la distribution de la matrice de coherence et nous proposons d'implementer cette nouvelle distribution dans un algorithme de segmentation hierarchique. Les differentes methodes proposees durant cette these ont ete appliquees sur des donnees interferometriques en bande C sur les glaciers et sur des donnees polarimetriques en bande L dans le milieu urbain.

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