Satellite personal communications for future-generation systems : final report : COST 252 Action

1 COST 252 Framework.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Technical Description and Implementation.- 1.2.1 WG1 - Strategies Scenarios and Feasibility Study.- 1.2.2 WG2 - Network Aspects.- 1.2.3 WG3 - Air Interface Aspects.- 1.2.4 Contacts.- 2 Strategic Scenarios and Feasibility Studies.- 2.1 Review of Objectives and Chapter Organisation.- 2.2 Service Requirements Definition.- 2.2.1 Introduction.- 2.2.2 Classification of End-user Services.- 2.2.3 Expected Types of S-UMTS Services.- 2.2.4 Service Characteristics.- 2.3 User Requirements Definition.- 2.3.1 Introduction.- 2.3.2 Definition of User Profiles.- 2.3.3 Terminal Categories.- 2.4 System Requirements Definition.- 2.4.1 Introduction.- 2.4.2 Radio Operating Environment.- 2.4.3 Candidate Satellite Orbits.- 2.4.4 Frequency Spectrum.- 2.4.5 Satellite Visibility Aspects.- 2.4.5.1 Overview.- 2.4.5.2 Multiple Satellite Visibility for Link Diversity.- 2.4.5.3 Probability of Satellite Visibility at Different Elevation Angles.- 2.4.5.4 Distribution of Azimuth Angles for Simultaneously Visible Satellites.- 2.4.6 Satellite Service Area.- 2.4.6.1 Overview.- 2.4.6.2 Single Beam Satellite Coverage Area.- 2.4.6.3 Multibeam Satellite Coverage.- 2.5 Scenario Definition.- 3 Network Aspects of Dynamic Satellite Multimedia Systems.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.1.1 Working Plan for WG2 - Network Aspects.- 3.1.2 WG2 - Working Areas and Tasks.- 3.1.3 System Definition.- 3.1.3.1 Satellite Constellation.- 3.1.3.2 System Integration.- 3.1.3.3 Satellite UMTS.- 3.1.3.4 Satellite ATM.- 3.1.3.5 Satellite Network Based on the Internet Protocol (S-IP).- 3.2 S-UMTS Approach.- 3.2.1 Resource Management Schemes for LEO Mobile Satellite Systems.- 3.2.1.1 Introduction.- 3.2.1.2 Description of the Compared Resource Management Schemes.- 3.2.1.3 Simulation Scenario and Results.- 3.2.1.4 Conclusions.- 3.2.2 Mobility Management in Satellite-UMTS.- 3.2.2.1 Introduction.- 3.2.2.2 Network Architecture.- 3.2.2.3 Instantaneous Coverage Area.- 3.2.2.4 Guaranteed Coverage Area.- 3.2.2.5 Mobility Management.- 3.2.2.6 Conclusions.- 3.2.3 A New Dynamic Channel Allocation Technique and Optimisation Methods for Mobile Satellite Systems.- 3.2.3.1 Introduction.- 3.2.3.2 Channel Allocation Techniques for NGSO Systems.- 3.2.3.3 Simplified Maximum Packing.- 3.2.3.4 Optimisation Methods.- 3.2.3.5 Simulation Assumptions and Parameters.- 3.2.3.6 MP Performance Evaluation.- 3.2.3.7 SMP Technique Results.- 3.2.3.8 Conclusions.- 3.3 S-ATM Approach.- 3.3.1 Satellite-ATM Architecture, Protocols, Resource Management and Traffic Modelling for Geostationary Networks.- 3.3.1.1 Introduction.- 3.3.1.2 Broadband Satellite Network Architecture.- 3.3.1.3 Satellite Access Interface and Protocol Stacks.- 3.3.1.4 Protocol Considerations for Satellite and B-ISDN Integration Scenario.- 3.3.1.5 Resource Management and Control Functions.- 3.3.1.6 Traffic Modelling and Performance Evaluation.- 3.3.1.7 Summary and Conclusions.- 3.3.2 Service Mapping and GoS Provisioning in Non-GEO Satellite Networks.- 3.3.2.1 Introduction.- 3.3.2.2 Satellite Constellation and Network Architecture.- 3.3.2.3 Virtual Connection Tree Concept in Non-GEO Networks.- 3.3.2.4 Mobility Modelling in Non-GEO Networks.- 3.3.2.5 Radio Resource Management Overview.- 3.3.2.6 "Trunk" Reservation for Multi-Rate Services.- 3.3.2.7 The Adaptive Bandwidth Reservation Scheme (ABRS).- 3.3.2.8 Wireless Call Admission Algorithm.- 3.3.2.9 Analytical Approximation.- 3.3.2.10 Simulation Modelling Approach.- 3.3.2.11 Simulation Results and Discussion.- 3.3.2.12 Conclusions.- 3.3.3 ISL Network Routing and Dimensioning.- 3.4 Packet-Based Inter-Satellite Link Routing.- 3.4.1 Introduction.- 3.4.1.1 Performance Evaluation of Adaptive Routing in ISL Networks.- 3.4.1.2 Satellite System Dynamics.- 3.4.1.3 Traffic Flow Model.- 3.4.1.4 ISL Network Model.- 3.4.1.5 Simulation Parameters and Results.- 3.4.1.6 Conclusions.- 3.5 MAC Protocols for Satellite Multimedia Networks.- 3.5.1 PRMA Protocols in Low Earth Orbit Mobile Satellite Systems.- 3.5.1.1 Protocols Description10.- 3.5.1.2 Results10.- 3.5.2 Advanced PRMA for Real-time VBR Traffic Category.- 3.5.2.1 Scheduling of Packets in Fixed Networks.- 3.5.2.2 Scheduling of Packets in Radio (Satellite) Networks.- 3.5.2.3 MF-TDMA-based Multiple Access Technique.- 3.5.2.4 Simulation Setup and Results.- 3.5.3 Conclusions.- 3.6 Conclusions.- 4 Air Interface Aspects.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.1.1 WG3 Working Areas and Tasks.- 4.2 Propagation and Diversity Characteristics of L- and EHF-Band Systems.- 4.2.1 Introduction.- 4.2.2 Channel Characteristics at L-Band.- 4.2.2.1 Measurement Set-Up.- 4.2.2.2 Narrowband Results.- 4.2.2.3 Wideband Results.- 4.2.2.4 Frequency-Selectivity.- 4.2.2.5 Wideband Channel Model.- 4.2.3 Channel Characteristics at EHF-Band.- 4.2.3.1 Measurement Set-Up.- 4.2.3.2 Narrowband Results.- 4.2.3.3 Wideband Results.- 4.2.4 Shadowing Correlation for Multi-Satellite Diversity.- 4.2.4.1 Introduction.- 4.2.4.2 Overview of Other Satellite Diversity Studies.- 4.2.4.3 Azimuth Correlation of Shadowing.- 4.2.4.4 COST 252 Studies on Satellite Diversity.- 4.2.4.5 Variability of the Correlation Coefficient.- 4.2.4.6 Conclusions.- 4.2.5 Satellite Diversity and Capacity.- 4.2.5.1 Introduction.- 4.2.5.2 Satellite Diversity.- 4.2.5.3 Beam Forming.- 4.2.5.4 Allowable Traffic Load Density.- 4.2.5.5 Examples.- 4.2.5.6 Conclusion.- 4.3 Novel Modulation Techniques: Variable Rate CPSFK Modulation.- 4.3.1 Introduction.- 4.3.2 Variable Rate M-CPSFK System.- 4.3.3 Simulation Results.- 4.3.4 Conclusions.- 4.4 Novel Coding Techniques: TCH Codes.- 4.4.1 Introduction.- 4.4.2 TCH Codes and Sequences.- 4.4.2.1 Analytical Generation of B-TCH Polynomials.- 4.4.2.2 Efficient Receiver Using FEC with TCH Codes.- 4.4.2.3 Performance of TCH Codes with Independent and Burst Errors Using Efficient Simulations.- 4.4.3 Conclusion.- 4.5 CDMA Receiver Techniques for Future MSC Systems.- 4.5.1 Introduction.- 4.5.2 Satellite-Wideband CDMA Multirate Communications.- 4.5.2.1 Multi-user Cancellation for SW-CDMA Communications.- 4.5.2.2 System and Channel Model.- 4.5.2.3 One-shot Receiver in Satellite Channel.- 4.5.3 CDMA Satellite Communication Multiusers Receivers Design.- 4.5.3.1 One-Shot Interference Cancellation for Up-Link DS-CDMA Communications.- 4.5.3.2 Selective Interference Cancellation.- 4.5.3.3 Blind Adaptive Detector for Up-Link DS-CDMA Communications.- 4.5.3.4 OFDM-CDMA for Multi-Bit-Rate Radio Interface on LEO Satellites.- 4.5.3.5 Simplified Receiver Structure with New Sequences for CDMA Using FFT Implementation.- 4.5.3.6 Code Spreading CDMA with TCH Codes for Simplified Radio Interface.- 4.6 Conclusions.- 4.7 Appendix.- 4.7.1 Correlation Modelling Using a Physical Statistical Approach.- 4.7.2 COST 252-WG3 Participants.- 5 Conclusions and Future Actions.