Self‐Powered Organic Photodetectors with High Detectivity for Near Infrared Light Detection Enabled by Dark Current Reduction

Organic photodetectors (OPDs) for near infrared (NIR) light detection represents cutting‐edge technology for optical communication, environmental monitoring, biomedical imaging, and sensing. Herein, a series of self‐powered OPDs with high detectivity are constructed by the sequential deposition (SD) method. The dark currents (Jd) of SD devices are effectively reduced in comparison to blend casting (BC) ones due to the vertical phase segregation structure. Impressively, the Jd values of SD devices based on D18 and Y6 system is reduced to be 2.1 × 10−11 A cm−2 at 0 V, which is two orders of magnitude lower than those of the BC devices. The D* value of the SD device is superior to that of BC device under different bias voltages (0, −0.5, −1.0, and −2.0 V) due to the reduction of dark current, which originates from the fine vertical phase separation structure of the SD device. The mechanism studies shows that the vertical phase segregation structure can effectively suppress the unfavorable charge injection, thus reducing the dark current. Also, the surface energy is proven to play a key role in the photocurrent stability. In addition, the flexible OPDs demonstrate excellent performance in photoplethysmography test.

[1]  Fujun Zhang,et al.  Highly Sensitive Narrowband Photomultiplication‐Type Organic Photodetectors Prepared by Transfer‐Printed Technology , 2021, Advanced Functional Materials.

[2]  Fujun Zhang,et al.  Highly sensitive, sub-microsecond polymer photodetectors for blood oxygen saturation testing , 2021, Science China Chemistry.

[3]  Xinran Wang,et al.  Ultra‐Narrowband Photodetector with High Responsivity Enabled by Integrating Monolayer J‐Aggregate Organic Crystal with Graphene , 2021, Advanced Optical Materials.

[4]  Fujun Zhang,et al.  Highly sensitive all-polymer photodetectors with ultraviolet-visible to near-infrared photo-detection and their application as an optical switch , 2021, Journal of Materials Chemistry C.

[5]  Zhixiang Wei,et al.  A universal method for constructing high efficiency organic solar cells with stacked structures , 2021, Energy & Environmental Science.

[6]  Thuc‐Quyen Nguyen,et al.  Understanding and Countering Illumination-Sensitive Dark Current: Toward Organic Photodetectors with Reliable High Detectivity. , 2021, ACS nano.

[7]  Syed Ali Abbas,et al.  Bilayer polymer solar cells prepared with transfer printing of active layers from controlled swelling/de-swelling of PDMS , 2019, Organic, Hybrid, and Perovskite Photovoltaics XXII.

[8]  Felipe A. Larrain,et al.  Large-area low-noise flexible organic photodiodes for detecting faint visible light , 2020, Science.

[9]  F. Peng,et al.  High-Detectivity Non-Fullerene Organic Photodetectors Enabled by a Cross-Linkable Electron Blocking Layer. , 2020, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[10]  F. Huang,et al.  Visible-to-near-infrared organic photodiodes with performance comparable to commercial silicon-based detectors , 2020 .

[11]  Jang‐Joo Kim,et al.  Effect of a π-linker of push–pull D–π–A donor molecules on the performance of organic photodetectors , 2020, Journal of Materials Chemistry C.

[12]  N. Gasparini,et al.  The Bulk Heterojunction in Organic Photovoltaic, Photodetector, and Photocatalytic Applications , 2020, Advanced materials.

[13]  Liang Shen,et al.  Organic Photodetectors: Materials, Structures, and Challenges , 2020 .

[14]  Zhen Li,et al.  Self-powered Filterless Narrow-band p-n Heterojunction Photodetector for Low Background Limited Near-infrared Image Sensor Application. , 2020, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[15]  F. P. García de Arquer,et al.  Solution-processed upconversion photodetectors based on quantum dots , 2020 .

[16]  Shangfeng Yang,et al.  18% Efficiency organic solar cells. , 2020, Science bulletin.

[17]  Yan-Qing Li,et al.  Recent Progress in Organic Photodetectors and their Applications , 2020, Advanced science.

[18]  Guanghao Lu,et al.  Film-depth-dependent crystallinity for light transmission and charge transport in semitransparent organic solar cells , 2020 .

[19]  W. Hu,et al.  Organic photodiodes and phototransistors toward infrared detection: materials, devices, and applications. , 2019, Chemical Society reviews.

[20]  Thuc‐Quyen Nguyen,et al.  A High‐Performance Solution‐Processed Organic Photodetector for Near‐Infrared Sensing , 2019, Advanced materials.

[21]  G. Gelinck,et al.  Organic Photodetectors and their Application in Large Area and Flexible Image Sensors: The Role of Dark Current , 2019, Advanced Functional Materials.

[22]  T. Someya,et al.  Organic Photodetectors for Next‐Generation Wearable Electronics , 2019, Advanced materials.

[23]  Jizheng Wang,et al.  Strategies toward High‐Performance Solution‐Processed Lateral Photodetectors , 2019, Advanced materials.

[24]  Yunqi Liu,et al.  Exploration of Near-Infrared Organic Photodetectors , 2019, Chemistry of Materials.

[25]  Jacek Ulanski,et al.  Single-Junction Organic Solar Cell with over 15% Efficiency Using Fused-Ring Acceptor with Electron-Deficient Core , 2019, Joule.

[26]  Xiaojie Xu,et al.  Materials and Designs for Wearable Photodetectors , 2019, Advanced materials.

[27]  Toshiyo Tamura,et al.  Current progress of photoplethysmography and SPO2 for health monitoring , 2019, Biomedical Engineering Letters.

[28]  G. Gelinck,et al.  On the Origin of Dark Current in Organic Photodiodes , 2019, Advanced Optical Materials.

[29]  Paul Meredith,et al.  Accurate characterization of next-generation thin-film photodetectors , 2018, Nature Photonics.

[30]  Ling Hong,et al.  All‐Solution‐Processed Metal‐Oxide‐Free Flexible Organic Solar Cells with Over 10% Efficiency , 2018, Advanced materials.

[31]  Zhen Li,et al.  New application of AIEgens realized in photodetectors: reduced work function of transparent electrodes and much improved performance , 2018 .

[32]  Shen Xing,et al.  Three-Phase Morphology Evolution in Sequentially Solution-Processed Polymer Photodetector: Toward Low Dark Current and High Photodetectivity. , 2018, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[33]  Liang Li,et al.  Self-Powered Nanoscale Photodetectors. , 2017, Small.

[34]  Jianbin Xu,et al.  Highly Sensitive and Broadband Organic Photodetectors with Fast Speed Gain and Large Linear Dynamic Range at Low Forward Bias. , 2017, Small.

[35]  D. Chung,et al.  Nonabsorbing Acceptor‐Based Planar Heterojunction for Color‐Selective and High‐Detectivity Polymer Photodiodes , 2016 .

[36]  Jinsong Huang,et al.  High‐Performance All‐Polymer Photoresponse Devices Based on Acceptor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers , 2016 .

[37]  Adrien Pierre,et al.  High Detectivity All‐Printed Organic Photodiodes , 2015, Advanced materials.

[38]  Yang Yang,et al.  Low-Bandgap Near-IR Conjugated Polymers/Molecules for Organic Electronics. , 2015, Chemical reviews.

[39]  Claire M. Lochner,et al.  All-organic optoelectronic sensor for pulse oximetry , 2014, Nature Communications.

[40]  Linfeng Hu,et al.  Energy Harvesting for Nanostructured Self‐Powered Photodetectors , 2014 .

[41]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Nanotechnology-enabled energy harvesting for self-powered micro-/nanosystems. , 2012, Angewandte Chemie.

[42]  Lionel Hirsch,et al.  P3HT:PCBM, Best Seller in Polymer Photovoltaic Research , 2011, Advanced materials.

[43]  E. Moons,et al.  Morphology and Phase Segregation of Spin-Casted Films of Polyfluorene/PCBM Blends , 2007 .

[44]  Rafael Tadmor,et al.  Line energy and the relation between advancing, receding, and young contact angles. , 2004, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[45]  P. Linse,et al.  Phase separation by surface induced nucleation , 1993 .

[46]  G. Eppeldauer,et al.  Fourteen-decade photocurrent measurements with large-area silicon photodiodes at room temperature. , 1991, Applied optics.