Electrochemically fabricated polypyrrole nanofiber-modified electrode as a new electrochemical DNA biosensor.

A new biosensor employing immobilized DNA on a nano-structured conductive polymer fixed onto a platinum electrode is presented. Upon optimization of synthesis parameters, polypyrrole nanofibers, 30-90 nm in diameter, were synthesized in an aqueous media by the electropolymerization of pyrrole using normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). The nanofiber film was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Double-stranded DNA was physisorbed onto the PPy nanofiber films. Various parameters, including the pH and DNA concentration, were optimized. The DNA immobilized on the nanofiber films was characterized using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Using DPV to study the interaction of spermidine with DNA, a binding constant (K) value of 4.08 x 10(5)+/-0.05 M(-1) was obtained. For the determination of spermidine, the proposed method exhibited a good dynamic range, correlation coefficient (0.05-1.0 microM and 0.9983, respectively) and a low detection limit (0.02 microM), although Ca(2+) ions were found to electrostatically bind to DNA and weaken the spermidine-DNA interaction.

[1]  E. Wang,et al.  Determination of biogenic amines by capillary electrophoresis with pulsed amperometric detection. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[2]  Noel W. Duffy,et al.  Transport and interfacial transfer of electrons in dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells , 2002 .

[3]  Joseph Wang,et al.  Recognition and detection of oligonucleotides in the presence of chromosomal DNA based on entrapment within conducting-polymer networks , 2001 .

[4]  F. Sánchez-Jiménez,et al.  Fourier transform Raman study of the structural specificities on the interaction between DNA and biogenic polyamines. , 2001, Biophysical journal.

[5]  M. F. Mousavi,et al.  An electrochemical study of neutral red–DNA interaction , 2005 .

[6]  Alexander M. Yacynych,et al.  Electropolymerized films to prevent interferences and electrode fouling in biosensors , 1991 .

[7]  A. A. Ouameur,et al.  Structural Analysis of DNA Interactions with Biogenic Polyamines and Cobalt(III)hexamine Studied by Fourier Transform Infrared and Capillary Electrophoresis* , 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[8]  B. D. Malhotra,et al.  Immobilization of lactate dehydrogenase on tetraethylorthosilicate-derived sol-gel films for application to lactate biosensor , 2001, Applied biochemistry and biotechnology.

[9]  Sakandar Rauf,et al.  Electrochemical DNA biosensor for the study of ciprofloxacin-DNA interaction. , 2006, Analytical biochemistry.

[10]  Philippe Schottland,et al.  The mechanisms of pyrrole electropolymerization , 2000 .

[11]  K. Li,et al.  Molecular spectroscopic study of DNA binding with neutral red and application to assay of nucleic acids , 1999 .

[12]  J. Yager,et al.  The role of polyamine catabolism in polyamine analogue-induced programmed cell death. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[13]  Li-yao Zhang,et al.  Simultaneous determination of histamine and polyamines by capillary zone electrophoresis with 4-fluor-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole derivatization and fluorescence detection. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.

[14]  M. Shamsipur,et al.  Preparation of polyaniline nanofibers and their use as a cathode of aqueous rechargeable batteries , 2006 .

[15]  K. Nakatani,et al.  Polyamines stabilize left-handed Z-DNA: using X-ray crystallographic analysis, we have found a new type of polyamine (PA) that stabilizes left-handed Z-DNA. , 2008, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[16]  A. Ramanavičius,et al.  Electrochemical sensors based on conducting polymer—polypyrrole , 2006 .

[17]  Jing-Juan Xu,et al.  Interfacing cytochrome c to electrodes with a DNA: carbon nanotube composite film , 2002 .

[18]  Dongxue Han,et al.  Electrostatic assembly of polyaniline and platinum-poly(amidoamine) dendrimers hybrid nanocomposite multilayer, and its electrocatalysis towards CO and O2 , 2007 .

[19]  N. Pattabiraman,et al.  Molecular mechanics of the interactions of spermine with DNA: DNA bending as a result of ligand binding. , 1990, Nucleic acids research.

[20]  J. Zweier,et al.  The natural polyamine spermine functions directly as a free radical scavenger. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[21]  R. Casero,et al.  Structural specificity of polyamines and polyamine analogues in the protection of DNA from strand breaks induced by reactive oxygen species. , 1998, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[22]  A. Lyubartsev,et al.  Competitive binding of Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, and K+ ions to DNA in oriented DNA fibers: experimental and Monte Carlo simulation results. , 1999, Biophysical journal.

[23]  D. Thomas.  Advanced biomaterials for medical applications , 2004 .

[24]  A. Malinauskas.  Electrocatalysis at conducting polymers , 1999 .

[25]  B. Ranjbar,et al.  Interaction of saffron carotenoids as anticancer compounds with ctDNA, Oligo (dG.dC)15, and Oligo (dA.dT)15. , 2007, DNA and cell biology.

[26]  J. Rohrer,et al.  Determination of biogenic amines in alcoholic beverages by ion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection and integrated pulsed amperometric detection. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

[27]  H. Heli,et al.  Electrochemical investigation of neutral red binding to DNA at the surface , 2004 .

[28]  M. Ibrahim.  Voltammetric studies of the interaction of nogalamycin antitumor drug with DNA , 2001 .

[29]  Seymour S. Cohen.  A Guide to the Polyamines , 1998 .

[30]  E. Paleček,et al.  From polarography of DNA to microanalysis with nucleic acid-modified electrodes , 1996 .

[31]  K. Ganzler,et al.  Determination of biogenic amines by capillary electrophoresis. , 1999, Journal of chromatography. A.

[32]  B. D. Malhotra,et al.  Characterization of DNA immobilized on electrochemically prepared conducting polypyrrole-polyvinyl sulfonate films , 2001, Applied biochemistry and biotechnology.

[33]  T. Chou,et al.  Fabrication of glucose oxidase/polypyrrole biosensor by galvanostatic method in various pH aqueous solutions. , 2003, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[34]  Bansi D Malhotra,et al.  Polypyrrole-polyvinyl sulphonate film based disposable nucleic acid biosensor. , 2007, Analytica chimica acta.

[35]  M. Tarlov,et al.  Quantitative analysis and characterization of DNA immobilized on gold. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[36]  A. Troisi,et al.  The hole transfer in DNA: calculation of electron coupling between close bases , 2001 .

[37]  Joseph Wang,et al.  Aptamer biosensor for label-free impedance spectroscopy detection of proteins based on recognition-induced switching of the surface charge. , 2005, Chemical communications.