Direction-Dependent Strategy for Control of Multi-Joint Arm Movements

In order to manipulate objects with our hands, we routinely use coordinated rotations about the shoulder and elbow to convey the hand from point to point within the surrounding workspace. The seeming ease with which the nervous system is able to generate muscle activation patterns appropriate for pushing an elevator button or reaching for the telephone appear to belie the well-documented complexity of the mechanics underlying such movements. In order to delineate rules by which the CNS might choose suitable patterns of muscle activation, and to identify the movement parameters most important in implementing those rules, we have investigated the electromyographic (EMG) activity of shoulder and elbow muscles associated with a variety of two-joint pointing movements in the horizontal plane (Hasan and Karst, 1989; Karst, 1989).

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