Detection of high energy electromagnetic and hadron components of air-shower cores in the new hybrid experiment “Pamir-XXI”

In the Chacaltaya hybrid experiment we have shown that the observed characteristics of the events accompanying atmospheric families (a bundle of high energy particles in the air-shower core) can not be well described by current simulations. The atmospheric families detected so far by emulsion chambers (sandwiches of X-ray films and lead plates) are key ingredients in the analysis. But the number of analyzed events with atmospheric family is still small due to the limited size of the experiment. Now a new very large hybrid experiment “PAMIR-XXI” is proposed to be constructed at the Pamirs. The notable feature of the experiment is to construct large hadron calorimeters at the center of air-shower arrays to study the air-shower core in detail. We study the possibility to analyze high energy air-shower cores in the “Pamir-XXI” experiment by using the burst density of scintillation detectors instead of using the family data of emulsion chambers. It is shown that the unusual characteristics of the events observed by the Chacaltaya hybrid experiment can be well seen in the hybrid experiment “PAMIR-XXI” too.

[1]  A. Perrot,et al.  Measurement of very forward neutron energy spectra for 7 TeV proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider , 2015, 1503.03505.

[2]  H. J. Gils,et al.  The KASCADE-Grande energy spectrum of cosmic rays and the role of hadronic interaction models , 2014 .

[3]  K. Muminov,et al.  The ‘PAMIR XXI’ Project of a Complex Setup for the PCR Study in a Wide Energy Range 1014 – 1018 eV , 2013 .

[4]  L. Jones,et al.  Emulsion chamber observations of Centauros, aligned events and the long-flying component , 2012 .

[5]  R. Engel,et al.  Cosmic rays from the knee to the highest energies , 2009, 0904.0725.

[6]  Danzengluobu,et al.  Are protons still dominant at the knee of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum? , 2006, Physics Letters B.

[7]  A. Dell'Acqua,et al.  Geant4 - A simulation toolkit , 2003 .

[8]  K. Shinozaki,et al.  Simultaneous observation of families and accompanied air showers at Mt. Chacaltaya. II. Study of the hadronic component in air showers , 2000 .

[9]  N. Kalmykov,et al.  Quark-Gluon String Model and EAS Simulation Problems at Ultra-High Energies , 1997 .

[10]  Ohmori,et al.  Simultaneous observation of families and accompanied air showers at Mt. Chacaltaya. , 1996, Physical review. D, Particles and fields.

[11]  Włodarczyk,et al.  Fluctuations of cross sections seen in cosmic ray data? , 1994, Physical review. D, Particles and fields.

[12]  Frankfurt,et al.  Hadronic cross-section fluctuations. , 1993, Physical review. D, Particles and fields.