Association between neighborhood walkability, cardiorespiratory fitness and body-mass index.

[1]  B. Saelens,et al.  Stepping towards causation: do built environments or neighborhood and travel preferences explain physical activity, driving, and obesity? , 2007, Social science & medicine.

[2]  M. Murphy,et al.  The effect of walking on fitness, fatness and resting blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomised, controlled trials. , 2007, Preventive medicine.

[3]  Ikuho Yamada,et al.  Walkability and body mass index density, design, and new diversity measures. , 2008, American journal of preventive medicine.

[4]  Ann Forsyth,et al.  The effects of neighborhood density and street connectivity on walking behavior: the Twin Cities walking study , 2007, Epidemiologic perspectives & innovations : EP+I.

[5]  L. Mâsse,et al.  Physical activity in the United States measured by accelerometer. , 2008, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[6]  Andrea L Dunn,et al.  Exploring the effect of the environment on physical activity: a study examining walking to work. , 2002, American journal of preventive medicine.

[7]  R. Wiswell,et al.  Rate and Mechanism of Maximal Oxygen Consumption Decline with Aging , 2003, Sports medicine.

[8]  Judith D. Singer,et al.  Using SAS PROC MIXED to Fit Multilevel Models, Hierarchical Models, and Individual Growth Models , 1998 .

[9]  M. Tremblay,et al.  A comparison of direct versus self-report measures for assessing physical activity in adults: a systematic review , 2008, The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity.

[10]  R S Paffenbarger,et al.  Changes in physical fitness and all-cause mortality. A prospective study of healthy and unhealthy men. , 1995, JAMA.

[11]  Andrew Rundle,et al.  The Urban Built Environment and Obesity in New York City: A Multilevel Analysis , 2007, American journal of health promotion : AJHP.

[12]  B. Saelens,et al.  Built environment correlates of walking: a review. , 2008, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[13]  B E Ainsworth,et al.  Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. , 2000, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[14]  Claude Bouchard,et al.  Sport and human genetics , 1986 .

[15]  F. Zimmerman.  Using behavioral economics to promote physical activity. , 2009, Preventive medicine.

[16]  J. Sallis,et al.  Neighborhood built environment and income: examining multiple health outcomes. , 2009, Social science & medicine.

[17]  K. Flegal,et al.  Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008. , 2010, JAMA.

[18]  S. Washington,et al.  Examination of relationships between urban form, household activities, and time allocation in the Atlanta Metropolitan Region , 2009 .

[19]  G. Cardon,et al.  Physical activity as a mediator of the associations between neighborhood walkability and adiposity in Belgian adults. , 2010, Health & place.

[20]  Nicola Orsini,et al.  Quantifying the dose-response of walking in reducing coronary heart disease risk: meta-analysis , 2009, European Journal of Epidemiology.

[21]  A. Manley.  Physical Activity And Health: A Report Of The Surgeon General , 2004 .

[22]  I. Altman,et al.  Place attachment: A conceptual inquiry. , 1992 .

[23]  C. Bouchard,et al.  Individual differences in response to regular physical activity. , 2001, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[24]  R. Ewing,et al.  The built environment and obesity. , 2007, Epidemiologic reviews.

[25]  J. Spence,et al.  A longitudinal and cross-sectional examination of the relationship between reasons for choosing a neighbourhood, physical activity and body mass index , 2010, The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity.

[26]  Shigeru Inoue,et al.  Neighborhood environments and physical activity among adults in 11 countries. , 2009, American journal of preventive medicine.

[27]  R S Paffenbarger,et al.  Measurement of physical activity to assess health effects in free-living populations. , 1993, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[28]  J. Sallis,et al.  Environmental correlates of walking and cycling: Findings from the transportation, urban design, and planning literatures , 2003, Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine.

[29]  S. Handy.  Understanding the Link Between Urban Form and Nonwork Travel Behavior , 1995 .

[30]  J. Kampert,et al.  Relationship between low cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality in normal-weight, overweight, and obese men. , 1999, JAMA.

[31]  R. Wiggins,et al.  Pathways to obesity: identifying local, modifiable determinants of physical activity and diet. , 2007, Social science & medicine.

[32]  B. Franklin,et al.  Comparison of cardioprotective benefits of vigorous versus moderate intensity aerobic exercise. , 2006, The American journal of cardiology.

[33]  Gregory Camilli,et al.  Application of a Method of Estimating DIF for Polytomous Test Items , 1999 .

[34]  K. Glanz,et al.  Health behavior and health education : theory, research, and practice , 1991 .

[35]  Susan L Handy,et al.  Urban Form and Pedestrian Choices: Study of Austin Neighborhoods , 1996 .

[36]  R. Copperman,et al.  An analysis of the determinants of children’s weekend physical activity participation , 2006 .

[37]  S. Blair,et al.  Role of lifestyle and aging on the longitudinal change in cardiorespiratory fitness. , 2009, Archives of internal medicine.

[38]  T J Pikora,et al.  An update of recent evidence of the relationship between objective and self-report measures of the physical environment and physical activity behaviours. , 2004, Journal of science and medicine in sport.

[39]  W. Kraus,et al.  Effects of exercise training amount and intensity on peak oxygen consumption in middle-age men and women at risk for cardiovascular disease. , 2005, Chest.

[40]  J. Sallis,et al.  Linking objectively measured physical activity with objectively measured urban form: findings from SMARTRAQ. , 2005, American journal of preventive medicine.

[41]  Xinyu Cao,et al.  Examining the Impacts of Residential Self‐Selection on Travel Behaviour: A Focus on Empirical Findings , 2009 .

[42]  J. Sallis,et al.  Ecological models of health behavior. , 2008 .

[43]  J. Ayres,et al.  A comparative analysis of four protocols for maximal treadmill stress testing. , 1976, American heart journal.

[44]  R. Cervero,et al.  Influences of Built Environments on Walking and Cycling: Lessons from Bogotá , 2009 .

[45]  B BALKE,et al.  An experimental study of physical fitness of Air Force personnel. , 1959, United States Armed Forces medical journal.

[46]  G J Bell,et al.  The Interactions of Intensity, Frequency and Duration of Exercise Training in Altering Cardiorespiratory Fitness , 1986, Sports medicine.

[47]  Thomas A Glass,et al.  The built environment and obesity: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence. , 2010, Health & place.

[48]  M. Pollock,et al.  Comparative analysis of physiologic responses to three different maximal graded exercise test protocols in healthy women. , 1982, American heart journal.

[49]  K. Powell,et al.  The Effectiveness of Urban Design and Land Use and Transport Policies and Practices to Increase Physical Activity: A Systematic Review. , 2006, Journal of physical activity & health.

[50]  Martin A. Andresen,et al.  Obesity relationships with community design, physical activity, and time spent in cars. , 2004, American journal of preventive medicine.

[51]  N. Owen,et al.  Environmental factors associated with adults' participation in physical activity: a review. , 2002, American journal of preventive medicine.

[52]  Ronald A. Thisted,et al.  Exercise Capacity and the Risk of Death in Women: The St James Women Take Heart Project , 2003, Circulation.

[53]  Susan L Handy,et al.  How the built environment affects physical activity: views from urban planning. , 2002, American journal of preventive medicine.

[54]  Christopher H. Morrell,et al.  Accelerated Longitudinal Decline of Aerobic Capacity in Healthy Older Adults , 2005, Circulation.

[55]  S. Raudenbush,et al.  Relationship between Urban Sprawl and Physical Activity, Obesity, and Morbidity , 2003, American journal of health promotion : AJHP.

[56]  S. Blair,et al.  Effects of different doses of physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness among sedentary, overweight or obese postmenopausal women with elevated blood pressure: a randomized controlled trial. , 2007, JAMA.

[57]  K. Glanz,et al.  An Ecological Perspective on Health Promotion Programs , 1988, Health education quarterly.

[58]  Kathryn M Neckerman,et al.  Effect of individual or neighborhood disadvantage on the association between neighborhood walkability and body mass index. , 2009, American journal of public health.

[59]  Richard P Troiano,et al.  The association between urban form and physical activity in U.S. adults. , 2002, American journal of preventive medicine.