Spray Underwater Glider Operations

AbstractOperational statistics for the Spray underwater glider are presented to demonstrate capabilities for sustained observations. An underwater glider is an autonomous device that profiles vertically by changing buoyancy and flies horizontally on wings. The focus has been on sustained observations of boundary currents to take advantage of the glider’s small size, which allows it to be deployed and recovered from small vessels close to land, and the fine horizontal resolution delivered by the glider, which is scientifically desirable in boundary regions. Since 2004, Spray underwater gliders have been deployed for over 28 000 days, traveling over 560 000 km, and delivering over 190 000 profiles. More than 10 gliders, on average, have been in the water since 2012. Statistics are given in the form of histograms for 297 completed glider missions of longer than 5 days. The statistics include mission duration, number of dives, distance over ground, and horizontal and vertical distance through water. A discuss...

[1]  Russ E. Davis,et al.  Monitoring the greater San Pedro Bay region using autonomous underwater gliders during fall of 2006 , 2009 .

[2]  David M. Fratantoni,et al.  UNDERWATER GLIDERS FOR OCEAN RESEARCH , 2004 .

[3]  R. Davis,et al.  The autonomous underwater glider "Spray" , 2001 .

[4]  R. Feely,et al.  Autonomous Ocean Measurements in the California Current Ecosystem , 2013 .

[5]  Xian Liu,et al.  Survival Analysis: Models and Applications , 2012 .

[6]  Mati Kahru,et al.  The potential for improving remote primary productivity estimates through subsurface chlorophyll and irradiance measurement , 2015 .

[7]  D. C. Webb,et al.  SLOCUM: an underwater glider propelled by environmental energy , 2001 .

[8]  Uwe Send,et al.  Use of Underwater Gliders for Acoustic Data Retrieval from Subsurface Oceanographic Instrumentation and Bidirectional Communication in the Deep Ocean , 2012 .

[9]  Mario P. Brito,et al.  Underwater glider reliability and implications for survey design , 2014 .

[10]  R. Davis,et al.  Underwater gliders reveal rapid arrival of El Niño effects off California's coast , 2011 .

[11]  S. McClatchie Regional Fisheries Oceanography of the California Current System , 2013, Springer Netherlands.

[12]  Russ E. Davis,et al.  Glider surveillance of physics and biology in the southern California Current System , 2008 .

[13]  Sam McClatchie,et al.  Resolution of fine biological structure including small narcomedusae across a front in the Southern California Bight , 2012 .

[14]  B. Cornuelle,et al.  Thermohaline structure in the California Current System: Observations and modeling of spice variance , 2012 .

[15]  H. Stommel The Slocum Mission , 1989 .

[16]  Craig M. Lee,et al.  Subthermocline Eddies over the Washington Continental Slope as Observed by Seagliders, 2003–09 , 2013 .

[17]  Daniel L. Rudnick,et al.  On sampling the ocean using underwater gliders , 2011 .

[18]  Russ E. Davis,et al.  Poleward flows in the southern California Current System: Glider observations and numerical simulation , 2011 .

[19]  T. M. Johnston,et al.  Trapped diurnal internal tides, propagating semidiurnal internal tides, and mixing estimates in the California Current System from sustained glider observations, 2006–2012 , 2015 .

[20]  D. Rudnick Ocean Research Enabled by Underwater Gliders. , 2016, Annual review of marine science.

[21]  R. Davis,et al.  Gliders Measure Western Boundary Current Transport from the South Pacific to the Equator , 2012 .

[22]  S. Riser,et al.  The Argo Program : observing the global ocean with profiling floats , 2009 .

[23]  Mark D. Ohman,et al.  Covariability of zooplankton gradients with glider-detected density fronts in the Southern California Current System , 2015 .

[24]  C. C. Eriksen,et al.  Seaglider: a long-range autonomous underwater vehicle for oceanographic research , 2001 .

[25]  J. Barth,et al.  Buoyancy-Driven Coastal Currents off Oregon during Fall and Winter , 2014 .