The Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality of Stroke in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK, and the US: A Literature Review

Background. Although the burden of stroke in terms of mortality and disability has been well documented in previous years, data after 2000 are limited. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to identify the epidemiology of stroke in the US and EU5 nations from data published in 2000 and later. Methods. Data from literature databases and online sources were collated to identify information relating to the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of stroke from the year 2000 onwards. Results and Conclusions. Twenty-three data sources were identified. The incidence of and mortality due to stroke both increase with age and are greater in males compared to females. Stroke is a common problem and likely to worsen in the US and EU5 as their populations age. However, pre-2000 trends of decreasing stroke mortality over time have continued after 2000, reflecting a consistent improvement in the treatment and care of patients with stroke.

[1]  Jiaquan Xu,et al.  Deaths: preliminary data for 2008. , 2010, National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System.

[2]  G. D'alessandro,et al.  Prevalence of stroke and stroke-related disability in Valle d’Aosta, Italy , 2010, Neurological Sciences.

[3]  A. Di Carlo.  Human and economic burden of stroke. , 2009, Age and ageing.

[4]  J. Grotta,et al.  Stroke treatment and prevention , 2010, Neurology.

[5]  C. Mathers,et al.  Stroke incidence and prevalence in Europe: a review of available data , 2006, European journal of neurology.

[6]  C. Anderson,et al.  Predictors of Depression after Stroke: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies , 2005, Stroke.

[7]  V. Chair,et al.  Guidelines for prevention of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: co-sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: the , 2006, Circulation.

[8]  G. Giardini,et al.  Community-Based Study of Stroke Incidence in the Valley of Aosta, Italy , 2009, Neuroepidemiology.

[9]  R. Sacco,et al.  Further good news on stroke, but no time for rest. , 2011, Circulation.

[10]  L. C. Álvaro,et al.  [Hospitalizations for acute cerebrovascular accidents and transient ischemic attacks in Spain: temporal stability and spatial heterogeneity, 1998-2003]. , 2009, Revista de calidad asistencial : organo de la Sociedad Espanola de Calidad Asistencial.

[11]  F. Forastiere,et al.  Socioeconomic Differences in Stroke Incidence and Prognosis Under a Universal Healthcare System , 2009, Stroke.

[12]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[13]  J. McMurray,et al.  Sex Differences in Incidence, Mortality, and Survival in Individuals With Stroke in Scotland, 1986 to 2005 , 2009, Stroke.

[14]  S. Gutnikov,et al.  Population-based study of event-rate, incidence, case fatality, and mortality for all acute vascular events in all arterial territories (Oxford Vascular Study) , 2005, The Lancet.

[15]  D. Labarthe,et al.  Prevalence of stroke--United States, 2005. , 2007, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

[16]  V. Feigin,et al.  Stroke epidemiology: a review of population-based studies of incidence, prevalence, and case-fatality in the late 20th century , 2003, The Lancet Neurology.

[17]  A. Sicras-mainar,et al.  Estimación de la prevalencia, incidencia, comorbilidades y costes directos asociados en pacientes que demandan atención por ictus en un ámbito poblacional español , 2008 .

[18]  Y. Béjot,et al.  Stroke in the Very Old: Incidence, Risk Factors, Clinical Features, Outcomes and Access to Resources – A 22-Year Population-Based Study , 2009, Cerebrovascular Diseases.

[19]  T. Olsen,et al.  The Female Stroke Survival Advantage: Relation to Age , 2008, Neuroepidemiology.

[20]  P A Wolf,et al.  Primary prevention of ischemic stroke: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association. , 2001, Circulation.

[21]  Irene Katzan,et al.  Guidelines for prevention of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: co-sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: the , 2006, Stroke.

[22]  S. Allender,et al.  Coronary heart disease statistics. , 2008 .

[23]  B. Stegmayr,et al.  Sex Differences in Stroke Epidemiology: A Systematic Review , 2009, Stroke.

[24]  Y. Béjot,et al.  Dijon’s vanishing lead with regard to low incidence of stroke , 2009, European journal of neurology.

[25]  J. Lozano,et al.  Stroke in Spain: epidemiologic incidence and patterns; a health sentinel network study. , 2009, Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association.