Religion and Attitudes to Corporate Social Responsibility in a Large Cross-Country Sample

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the relationship between religious denomination and individual attitudes to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) within the context of a large sample of over 17,000 individuals drawn from 20 countries. We address two general questions: do members of religious denominations have different attitudes concerning CSR than people of no denomination? And: do members of different religions have different attitudes to CSR that conform to general priors about the teachings of different religions? Our evidence suggests that, broadly, religious individuals do not prioritise the responsibilities of the firm differently, but do tend to hold broader conceptions of the social responsibilities of businesses than non-religious individuals. However, we show that this neither true for all religious groups, nor for all areas of CSR.

[1]  Tim Barnett,et al.  Religiosity, ethical ideology, and intentions to report a peer's wrongdoing , 1996 .

[2]  B. E. Brodsky,et al.  Non-Parametric Statistical Diagnosis , 2000 .

[3]  D. Siegel,et al.  Corporate social responsibility and economic performance , 2006 .

[4]  Robert J. Wuthnow Poor Richard's Principle: Recovering the American Dream through the Moral Dimension of Work, Business, and Money , 1997 .

[5]  William C. Gaidis,et al.  A cross-cultural comparison of the ethics of business students , 1991 .

[6]  John P. Angelidis,et al.  An Exploratory Study of the Impact of Degree of Religiousness Upon an Individual's Corporate Social Responsiveness Orientation , 2004 .

[7]  John Tippet Performance of Australia's Ethical Funds , 2001 .

[8]  Edwin M. Epstein "Religion and Business – The Critical Role of Religious Traditions in Management Education" , 2002 .

[9]  F. Fukuyama Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity Penguin London , 1995 .

[10]  Peter Daniels,et al.  Buddhist economics and the environment: Material flow analysis and the moderation of society's metabolism , 2003 .

[11]  A. Hillman,et al.  Shareholder value, stakeholder management, and social issues: what's the bottom line? , 2001 .

[12]  Paul Miesing,et al.  A comparison of five business philosophies , 1985 .

[13]  R. Kennedy The Protestant Ethic and the Parsis , 1962, American Journal of Sociology.

[14]  Thomas S. Bokenkotter Church and Revolution: Catholics in the Struggle for Democracy and Social Justice , 1998 .

[15]  Robert E. Stevens,et al.  Differences in Ethical Perceptions Between Male and Female Managers" Myth or Reality? , 1987 .

[16]  M. Friedman The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits , 2007 .

[17]  M. Lewis Islam and accounting , 2001 .

[18]  Elizabeth J. Rozell,et al.  The Influence of Personality and Demographic Variables on Ethical Decisions Related to Insider Trading , 1993 .

[19]  Edwin M. Epstein Contemporary Jewish Perspectives on Business Ethics: The Contributions of Meir Tamari and Moses L. Pava—a Review Essay , 2000 .

[20]  T. Beauchamp,et al.  Ethical Theory and Business , 2019 .

[21]  J. S. Uppal Hinduism and Economic Development in South Asia , 1986 .

[22]  H. B. Mann,et al.  On a Test of Whether one of Two Random Variables is Stochastically Larger than the Other , 1947 .

[23]  Leigh Lawton,et al.  The effects of social and moral integration on ethical standards: A comparison of American and Ukrainian business students , 1996 .

[24]  A. Carroll A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Performance , 1979 .

[25]  Bradley R. Agle,et al.  Religiosity and Ethical Behavior in Organizations: A Symbolic Interactionist Perspective , 2002 .

[26]  Abagail McWilliams,et al.  Corporate Social Responsibility: a Theory of the Firm Perspective , 2001 .

[27]  Vivek H. Dehejia,et al.  Religion and Economic Activity in India: An Historical Perspective , 1993 .

[28]  S. Inoue Putting Buddhism to Work: A New Approach to Management and Business , 1998 .

[29]  H. Brennan,et al.  Economics and religion : are they distinct? , 1994 .

[30]  Stephen J. Conroy,et al.  Business Ethics and Religion: Religiosity as a Predictor of Ethical Awareness Among Students , 2004 .

[31]  M. Calkins Recovering Religion's Prophetic Voice for Business Ethics , 2000 .

[32]  Lorne Cummings,et al.  The Financial Performance of Ethical Investment Trusts: An Australian Perspective , 2000 .

[33]  David S. Landes,et al.  The Wealth and Poverty of Nations , 2001 .

[34]  G. Williams,et al.  Islam and CSR: A Study of the Compatibility between the Tenets of Islam and the Un Global Compact , 2006 .

[35]  S. Eisenstadt,et al.  The Protestant ethic and modernization : a comparative view , 1969 .

[36]  Richard A. Johnson,et al.  The Effects of Corporate Governance and Institutional Ownership Types on Corporate Social Performance , 1999 .

[37]  Adriano Tilgher Homo faber : work through the ages , 1958 .

[38]  E. Rosenbaum,et al.  The Wealth and Poverty of Nations , 1958 .

[39]  T. Gambling,et al.  Business and Accounting Ethics in Islam , 1991 .

[40]  J. Mahon,et al.  The Corporate Social Performance and Corporate Financial Performance Debate , 1997 .

[41]  Gillian Rice,et al.  Islamic Ethics and the Implications for Business , 1999 .

[42]  James R. Rest Moral Development: Advances in Research and Theory , 1986 .

[43]  M. Tamari Ethical issues in bankruptcy: A Jewish perspective , 1990 .

[44]  U. Chapra Islam and the economic challenge , 1992 .

[45]  Glen Alexandrin Elements of Buddhist Economics , 1993 .

[46]  L. Preston,et al.  The Stakeholder Theory of the Corporation: Concepts, Evidence, and Implications , 1995 .

[47]  C. W. Moore,et al.  Religious Intensity, Evangelical Christianity, and Business Ethics: An Empirical Study , 2004 .

[48]  R. Barro,et al.  International Determinants of Religiosity , 2003 .

[49]  Olof Zaring,et al.  Corporate Social Performance , 2020, Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

[50]  H. V. Buren Work and religious faith: How people of faith relate to their employers , 1995 .

[51]  S. Zadek The Practice of Buddhist Economics?.: Another View , 1993 .

[52]  Bradley R. Agle,et al.  God and Mammon: The Modern Relationship , 1999, Business Ethics Quarterly.

[53]  L. Lawton,et al.  Religiousness and Business Ethics , 1998 .

[54]  Ḥammūdah ʿAbd al-ʿĀṭī Islam In Focus , 1975 .

[55]  Bukkyo Dendo Kyokai The Teaching of Buddha , 1984 .

[56]  Edwin M. Epstein Catholic Social Teaching and Education in Business and Economics: A Non-Catholic's Perspective , 1998 .

[57]  Paola Sapienza,et al.  People&Apos;S Opium? Religion and Economic Attitudes , 2002 .

[58]  Frederic L. Pryor A Buddhist Economic System—In Principle: Non-Attachment To Worldly Things Is Dominant But The Way Of The Law Is Held Profitable , 1990 .

[59]  D. Wood Corporate Social Performance Revisited , 1991 .

[60]  B. E. Brodsky,et al.  Non-Parametric Statistical Diagnosis: Problems and Methods , 2000 .