Leukocyte Cytotoxicity ina Persistent Virus Infection: Presence ofDirect Cytotoxicity butAbsence ofAntibody- Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity inHorses Infected with Equine Infectious AnemiaVirus

cellular cytotoxicity anddirect cytotoxicity assays were performed withequine infectious anemia virus-infected target cells, equine leukocytes, andequine anti-equine infectious anemiavirus antibody todetermine whether these mechanisms play a role incontrolling viral replication inequine infectious anemia. Direct cytotoxicity was observed byusing peripheral blood mononuclear cells from7of10infected horses. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity was notobserved. Theantibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity reaction inhorses was thenstudied byusing sheep erythrocytes andtrinitrophenylated sheep erythrocytes astarget cells. Lysis ofthese target cells was mediated byneutrophils, monocytes, andlymphocytes. Thereaction was activated by antibody oftheimmunoglobulin G class butnotbyimmunoglobulin G(T). Furthermore, immunoglobulin G(T)efficiently inhibited immunoglobulin G in this function. Equine infectious anemia (EIA), apersistent viral infection ofhorses, iscaused byanononcogenic retrovirus (2,9,10,40,41,58;T.B. Crawford, W.P.Cheevers, P.Klavjer-Anderson,

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