CALIPSO Retrieval of Instantaneous Faint Aerosols

. Aerosols significantly affect the Earth-atmosphere energy balance and climate change by acting as cloud condensation nuclei. Particularly, the susceptibility of clouds to aerosols is more pronounced when the aerosols are faint. However, previous methodologies generally miss these faint aerosols and their climate effect based on instantaneous observations because they are too optically thin to be detected. Here, we focus on retrieving faint aerosol extinction based on 15 instantaneous observations from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO). Results show a good agreement between faint aerosol extinction retrieval of CALIPSO and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III on the International Space Station (SAGE III-ISS) product over June 2017 to 2019 during nighttime, with correlation coefficients (R) and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.58 in logarithmic scale and 0.0008, respectively. The lower bound of retrieved aerosol extinction extended to 0.0001 km -1 , much lower than the CALIPSO Level 2 Extinction 20 product (0.01 km -1 ). The CALIPSO retrieval during daytime has a positive bias and low agreement with SAGE III-ISS with R and RMSE of 0.16 and 0.0034, respectively, due to the low signal-to-noise ratio caused by sunlight. Additionally, the retrieval at 20 km resolution successfully capture the enhanced faint aerosol from Siberian fires in 2019 instantaneously, which are also shown by CALIPSO monthly-averaged aerosol product at much lower temporal-spatial resolution. It indicates a significant potential for improving the quantification of aerosol impacts on climate change through retrieving instantaneous 25 faint aerosol. grid. the match

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