Delamination formation, evaluation and suppression during drilling of composite laminates: A review

Abstract Fiber reinforced composite laminates have been increasingly replacing conventional materials in various manufacturing sectors due to their extremely superior mechanical properties. Usually, mechanical drilling is an important final manufacturing process for composite laminates, whereas drilling of high-strength composite laminates is very challenging and difficult. As the most undesirable damage and challenging failure mode, drilling-induced delamination for fiber reinforced composite laminates is a hot research area of immerse engineering importance. A review on the path towards delamination-free drilling for composite laminates can significantly help researchers improve currently-available cost-effective drilling process and develop high performance drilling process. This review paper summarizes an up-to-date progress in drilling-induced delamination for composite laminates reported in the literature. It covers delamination formation mechanism, delamination quantification methodologies and measurement technologies, delamination suppression strategies (including tool design optimization, drilling conditions optimization and high performance drilling methods). This general review of drilling-induced delamination for composite laminates can be referenced as not only a summary of the current results from literature survey but also future work possibilities, giving the researchers the opportunity to deepen specific aspects and explore new aspects for reaching delamination-free drilling for composite laminates.

[1]  Ozden Isbilir,et al.  Numerical investigation of the effects of drill geometry on drilling induced delamination of carbon fiber reinforced composites , 2013 .

[2]  Thomas A. Dow,et al.  Review of vibration-assisted machining , 2008 .

[3]  María Henar Miguélez,et al.  Experimental and numerical analysis of step drill bit performance when drilling woven CFRPs , 2018 .

[4]  Satyabodh M. Kulkarni,et al.  Delamination analysis in drilling process of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite materials , 2007 .

[5]  J. Ståhl,et al.  Hole-quality evaluation in drilling fiber-reinforced composites , 2018, Composite Structures.

[6]  Redouane Zitoune,et al.  Influence of machining parameters and new nano-coated tool on drilling performance of CFRP/Aluminium sandwich , 2012 .

[7]  D. C. H. Yang,et al.  Effects of Feedrate and Chisel Edge on Delamination in Composites Drilling , 1993 .

[8]  L.J. Wang,et al.  A mechanical model for predicting critical thrust forces in drilling composite laminates , 2001 .

[9]  Hong Hocheng,et al.  Delamination During Drilling in Composite Laminates , 1990 .

[10]  Hidetake Tanaka,et al.  Development of Tilted Planetary Drilling System , 2012 .

[11]  I. El-Sonbaty,et al.  Machinability analysis in drilling woven GFR/epoxy composites: Part I – Effect of machining parameters , 2010 .

[12]  Ping Guo,et al.  Experimental study on vibration stability in rotary ultrasonic machining of ceramic matrix composites: Cutting force variation at hole entrance , 2018, Ceramics International.

[13]  Uwe Heisel,et al.  Influence of Point Angle on Drill Hole Quality and Machining Forces When Drilling CFRP , 2012 .

[14]  João Paulo Davim,et al.  Optimization of machining parameters at high speed drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates , 2012 .

[15]  Tae Jo Ko,et al.  Influence of machining parameters and tool structure on cutting force and hole wall damage in drilling CFRP with stepped drills , 2018, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology.

[16]  I. El-Sonbaty,et al.  Machinability analysis in drilling woven GFR/epoxy composites: Part II – Effect of drill wear , 2010 .

[17]  Kay André Weidenmann,et al.  Machining strategies for hole making in composites with minimal workpiece damage by directing the process forces inwards , 2011 .

[18]  A. G. Jaharah,et al.  Effect of chilled air on tool wear and workpiece quality during milling of carbon fibre-reinforced plastic , 2013 .

[19]  Vadim V. Silberschmidt,et al.  Effect of ultrasonically-assisted drilling on carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics , 2014 .

[20]  Yann Landon,et al.  Analytical models of composite material drilling , 2011 .

[21]  L. Vijayaraghavan,et al.  The effect of vibratory drilling on hole quality in polymeric composites , 2006 .

[22]  John Mo,et al.  An approach to evaluate delamination factor when drilling carbon fiber-reinforced plastics using different drill geometries: experiment and finite element study , 2017 .

[23]  H. Hocheng,et al.  The effect of chisel length and associated pilot hole on delamination when drilling composite materials , 2003 .

[24]  Dhiraj Kumar,et al.  Experimental analysis of Delamination, Thrust Force and Surface roughness on Drilling of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites Material Using Different Drills , 2017 .

[25]  Hong Hocheng,et al.  Analysis of delamination in drilling composite materials using core drill , 2003 .

[26]  A. Abrão,et al.  A novel approach based on digital image analysis to evaluate the delamination factor after drilling composite laminates , 2007 .

[27]  Zhenyuan Jia,et al.  Novel drill structure for damage reduction in drilling CFRP composites , 2016 .

[28]  Pingfa Feng,et al.  Effects of tool vibration on fiber fracture in rotary ultrasonic machining of C/SiC ceramic matrix composites , 2017 .

[29]  Suhasini Gururaja,et al.  Critical thrust force predictions during drilling: Analytical modeling and X-ray tomography quantification , 2016 .

[30]  M. H. Attia,et al.  Characterization and optimization of orbital drilling of woven carbon fiber reinforced epoxy laminates , 2012 .

[31]  João Manuel R. S. Tavares,et al.  Drilling tool geometry evaluation for reinforced composite laminates , 2010 .

[32]  Ekkard Brinksmeier,et al.  Tool Wear Analyses in Low Frequency Vibration Assisted Drilling of CFRP/Ti6Al4V Stack Material☆ , 2014 .

[33]  Chao Zhang,et al.  Modelling fracture and delamination in composite laminates: Energy release rate and interface stress , 2018 .

[34]  I. S. Jawahir,et al.  Cryogenic cooling-induced process performance and surface integrity in drilling CFRP composite material , 2016 .

[35]  Jamal Ahmad,et al.  Machining of Polymer Composites , 2008 .

[36]  V. H. C. de Albuquerque,et al.  Tool Effects on Hybrid Laminates Drilling , 2010 .

[37]  Gongdong Wang,et al.  Research on milling strategies to reduce delamination damage during machining of holes in CFRP/Ti stack , 2018, Composite Structures.

[38]  Hong Hocheng,et al.  Comprehensive analysis of delamination in drilling of composite materials with various drill bits , 2003 .

[39]  Aymen Ben Soussia,et al.  Wear resistance of CVD and PVD multilayer coatings when dry cutting fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) , 2013 .

[40]  Zhenhua Wang,et al.  Novel drill bit based on the step-control scheme for reducing the CFRP delamination , 2018, Journal of Materials Processing Technology.

[41]  C. Tsao,et al.  Evaluation of a novel approach to a delamination factor after drilling composite laminates using a core–saw drill , 2012 .

[42]  Zhijian Pei,et al.  Rotary ultrasonic machining of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites: using cutting fluid vs. cold air as coolant , 2012 .

[43]  Hong Hocheng,et al.  Effects of exit back-up on delamination in drilling composite materials using a saw drill and a core drill , 2005 .

[44]  Hong Hocheng,et al.  Delamination reduction in drilling composite materials by active backup force , 2012 .

[45]  Xiaotian Zou,et al.  Rotary ultrasonic machining of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites: An experimental study on cutting temperature , 2012 .

[46]  A. Abrão,et al.  Analysis of parametric influence on delamination in high-speed drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites , 2008 .

[47]  Image processing methodology for assessment of drilling induced damage in CFRP , 2013 .

[48]  Xin Wang,et al.  Investigation on thrust in vibration drilling of fiber-reinforced plastics , 2004 .

[49]  Gongdong Wang,et al.  Using dampers to mitigate thrust forces during carbon-fibre reinforced polymer drilling: Experimental and finite element evaluation , 2018 .

[50]  K. Palanikumar,et al.  Evaluation of Delamination in Drilling GFRP Composites , 2008 .

[51]  N. Shetty,et al.  A review on finite element method for machining of composite materials , 2017 .

[52]  A. Kentli,et al.  Comparative assessment of support plates’ influences on delamination damage in micro-drilling of CFRP laminates , 2017 .

[53]  W. Cong,et al.  Rotary ultrasonic machining of CFRP: A comparison with grinding. , 2016, Ultrasonics.

[54]  G. Schneider,et al.  Non-destructive Detection of Drilling-induced Delamination in CFRP and its Effect on Mechanical Properties☆ , 2016 .

[55]  C. Bellini,et al.  A new method to reduce delaminations during drilling of FRP laminates by feed rate control , 2018 .

[56]  E. Kilickap,et al.  Optimization of cutting parameters on delamination based on Taguchi method during drilling of GFRP composite , 2010, Expert Syst. Appl..

[57]  Ming Chen,et al.  Experimental Analysis on Delamination Damage by Acoustic Emission in High Speed Drilling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics , 2013 .

[58]  Hong Hocheng,et al.  Computerized tomography and C-Scan for measuring delamination in the drilling of composite materials using various drills , 2005 .

[59]  Ekkard Brinksmeier,et al.  Orbital drilling kinematics , 2008, Prod. Eng..

[60]  Frédéric Lachaud,et al.  Experimental analysis of drilling damage in thin carbon/epoxy plate using special drills , 2000 .

[61]  Z. J. Pei,et al.  ROTARY ULTRASONIC MACHINING OF CARBON FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER: FEASIBILITY STUDY , 2012 .

[62]  E. Capello Workpiece damping and its effect on delamination damage in drilling thin composite laminates , 2004 .

[63]  Maria Amélia Ramos Loja,et al.  An assessment of thermally influenced and delamination-induced regions by composites drilling , 2018, Composite Structures.

[65]  D. C. H. Yang,et al.  Delamination-Free Drilling of Composite Laminates , 1994 .

[66]  C. K. H. Dharan,et al.  Chisel Edge and Pilot Hole Effects in Drilling Composite Laminates , 2002 .

[67]  J. Paulo Davim,et al.  Multi-objective optimization of cutting parameters for drilling laminate composite materials by using genetic algorithms , 2006 .

[68]  Hong Hocheng,et al.  Taguchi analysis of delamination associated with various drill bits in drilling of composite material , 2004 .

[69]  Ping Guo,et al.  Damage formation and suppression in rotary ultrasonic machining of hard and brittle materials: A critical review , 2018 .

[70]  Pedro Reis,et al.  Study of delamination in drilling carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) using design experiments , 2003 .

[71]  K. Debnath,et al.  Low-frequency modulation-assisted drilling of carbon-epoxy composite laminates , 2017 .

[72]  K. Krishnamurthy,et al.  A neural network thrust force controller to minimize delamination during drilling of graphite-epoxy laminates , 1996 .

[73]  Deyuan Zhang,et al.  Rotary ultrasonic elliptical machining for side milling of CFRP: tool performance and surface integrity. , 2015, Ultrasonics.

[74]  C. C. Tsao,et al.  Thrust force and delamination of core-saw drill during drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) , 2008 .

[75]  Duarte Silva,et al.  Methodology analysis for evaluation of drilling-induced damage in composites , 2014 .

[76]  V. Tagliaferri,et al.  Damage development in drilling glass fibre reinforced plastics , 1995 .

[77]  Shih-Chieh Lin,et al.  Drilling carbon fiber-reinforced composite material at high speed , 1996 .

[78]  João Paulo Davim,et al.  Neural network approach for estimating the residual tensile strength after drilling in uni-directional glass fiber reinforced plastic laminates , 2010 .

[79]  M. H. Attia,et al.  Characterization and optimization of vibration-assisted drilling of fibre reinforced epoxy laminates , 2013 .

[80]  F. Lachaud,et al.  Drilling of composite structures , 2001 .

[81]  Lokman Gemi,et al.  Cryogenic machining of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites and the effects of cryogenic treatment on tensile properties: A comparative study , 2018, Composites Part B: Engineering.

[82]  Zhang Linbo,et al.  Study on vibration drilling of fiber reinforced plastics with hybrid variation parameters method , 2003 .

[83]  H. Hocheng,et al.  The path towards delamination-free drilling of composite materials , 2005 .

[84]  Michael D. Gilchrist,et al.  The performance of coated tungsten carbide drills when machining carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy composite materials , 2002 .

[85]  J. Babu,et al.  Experimental Studies on Effect of Process Parameters on Delamination in Drilling GFRP Composites Using Taguchi Method , 2014 .

[86]  Pingfa Feng,et al.  Improving hole exit quality in rotary ultrasonic machining of ceramic matrix composites using a compound step-taper drill , 2016 .

[87]  Deyuan Zhang,et al.  Comparison of drill wear mechanism between rotary ultrasonic elliptical machining and conventional drilling of CFRP , 2014 .

[88]  C. K. H. Dharan,et al.  Machining parameters for an intelligent machining system for composite laminates , 2000 .

[89]  N. A. Mardi,et al.  Applying Ultrasonic Vibration to Decrease Drilling-Induced Delamination in GFRP Laminates , 2013 .

[90]  Usama A. Khashaba,et al.  Measuring delamination in carbon/epoxy composites using a shadow moiré laser based imaging technique , 2007 .

[91]  Islam Shyha,et al.  Effect of laminate configuration and feed rate on cutting performance when drilling holes in carbon fibre reinforced plastic composites , 2010 .

[92]  J. Paulo Davim,et al.  Effects of high speed in the drilling of glass fibre reinforced plastic: Evaluation of the delamination factor , 2008 .

[93]  W. Cong,et al.  Rotary ultrasonic machining of CFRP: a mechanistic predictive model for cutting force. , 2014, Ultrasonics.

[94]  Jianfu Zhang,et al.  Drilling induced tearing defects in rotary ultrasonic machining of C/SiC composites , 2017 .

[95]  Khaled Giasin,et al.  An Investigation of burrs, chip formation, hole size, circularity and delamination during drilling operation of GLARE using ANOVA , 2017 .

[96]  Helmi Attia,et al.  Characterization of the dry high speed drilling process of woven composites using Machinability Maps approach , 2009 .

[97]  Deyuan Zhang,et al.  Cutting temperature and resulting influence on machining performance in rotary ultrasonic elliptical machining of thick CFRP , 2017 .

[98]  Hong Hocheng,et al.  Reducing drilling-induced delamination in composite tube by magnetic colloid back-up , 2014 .

[99]  Wen-Chou Chen,et al.  Some experimental investigations in the drilling of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite laminates , 1997 .

[100]  K. Patra,et al.  Mechanistic cutting force modelling for micro-drilling of CFRP composite laminates , 2017 .

[101]  Dave Kim,et al.  Drilling process optimization for graphite/bismaleimide–titanium alloy stacks , 2004 .

[102]  J. Paulo Davim,et al.  Delamination analysis in high speed drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) using artificial neural network model , 2008 .

[103]  Delamination detection and impact damage assessment of GLARE by active thermography , 2011 .

[104]  Xinggang Jiang,et al.  Theory of Series Inductance Matching to Transducer at Premechanical Resonance Zone in Ultrasonic Vibration Cutting , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[105]  Weilong Cong,et al.  A review of mechanical drilling for composite laminates , 2012 .

[106]  Giangiacomo Minak,et al.  Critical thrust and feed prediction models in drilling of composite laminates , 2016 .

[107]  J. Paulo Davim,et al.  Prediction and Minimization of Delamination in Drilling of Medium-Density Fiberboard (MDF) Using Response Surface Methodology and Taguchi Design , 2008 .

[108]  T. Szalay,et al.  Optimisation of process parameters for the orbital and conventional drilling of uni-directional carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (UD-CFRP) , 2017 .

[109]  Dirk Biermann,et al.  Cutting edge rounding: An innovative tool wear criterion in drilling CFRP composite laminates , 2009 .

[110]  Pierre Lagarrigue,et al.  Delamination-free drilling of thick composite materials , 2015 .

[111]  H. Heidary,et al.  Investigation on delamination and flexural properties in drilling of carbon nanotube/polymer composites , 2018, Composite Structures.

[112]  David K. Aspinwall,et al.  Drill geometry and operating effects when cutting small diameter holes in CFRP , 2009 .

[113]  Krishna Rawat,et al.  A novel approach to predict the delamination factor for dry and cryogenic drilling of CFRP , 2018, Journal of Materials Processing Technology.

[114]  Jürgen Fleischer,et al.  Composite materials parts manufacturing , 2018 .

[115]  Hong Hocheng,et al.  Effect of eccentricity of twist drill and candle stick drill on delamination in drilling composite materials , 2005 .

[116]  Tatsuya Fujii,et al.  Proposal of a tilted helical milling technique for high quality hole drilling of CFRP: kinetic analysis of hole formation and material removal , 2018 .

[117]  Tae Jo Ko,et al.  Rotary ultrasonic machining of woven CFRP composite in a cryogenic environment , 2017 .

[118]  Chao Li,et al.  Study of drilling-induced defects for CFRP composites using new criteria , 2018, Composite Structures.

[119]  H. Hocheng,et al.  Utilizing internal icing force to reduce delamination in drilling composite tubes , 2016 .

[120]  D. Aspinwall,et al.  Study on tool wear and workpiece surface integrity following drilling of CFRP laminates with variable feed rate strategy , 2018 .

[121]  Mohamed El Mansori,et al.  Experimental study on drilling mechanisms and strategies of hybrid CFRP/Ti stacks , 2016 .

[122]  Sang Yoon Park,et al.  Effect of drilling parameters on hole quality and delamination of hybrid GLARE laminate , 2018 .

[123]  L. T. Harper,et al.  A study of an improved cutting mechanism of composite materials using novel design of diamond micro-core drills , 2015 .

[124]  Frédéric Dau,et al.  New analytical model for delamination of CFRP during drilling , 2017 .

[125]  Deyuan Zhang,et al.  Feasibility study of ultrasonic elliptical vibration‐assisted reaming of carbon fiber reinforced plastics/titanium alloy stacks , 2017, Ultrasonics.

[126]  João Manuel R. S. Tavares,et al.  Damage evaluation of drilled carbon/epoxy laminates based on area assessment methods , 2013 .

[127]  Friedrich Kuster,et al.  Comparison of conventional drilling and orbital drilling in machining carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) , 2016 .

[128]  Gongdong Wang,et al.  Experimental studies on a two-step technique to reduce delamination damage during milling of large diameter holes in CFRP/Al stack , 2018 .

[129]  C. C. Tsao,et al.  The effect of pilot hole on delamination when core drill drilling composite materials , 2006 .

[130]  Usama A. Khashaba Delamination in drilling GFR-thermoset composites , 2004 .

[131]  Ali Mkaddem,et al.  Recent advances in drilling hybrid FRP/Ti composite: A state-of-the-art review , 2016 .

[132]  H. Hocheng,et al.  Prediction of critical thrust force for tubular composite in drilling-induced delamination by numerical and experimental analysis , 2018, Composite Structures.

[133]  S. O. Ismail,et al.  A new analytical critical thrust force model for delamination analysis of laminated composites during drilling operation , 2017 .

[134]  Manu Sharma,et al.  A review of modeling and control during drilling of fiber reinforced plastic composites , 2013 .

[135]  Hao Li,et al.  Delamination analysis of the helical milling of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics by using the artificial neural network model , 2014 .

[136]  Ekkard Brinksmeier,et al.  Drilling of composites and resulting surface integrity , 2011 .

[137]  H. Hocheng,et al.  Computerized Tomography and C-Scan for Measuring Drilling-Induced Delamination in Composite Material Using Twist Drill and Core Drill , 2007 .

[138]  T. Ko,et al.  Study on chisel edge drilling behavior and step drill structure on delamination in drilling CFRP , 2018, Composite Structures.

[140]  Ekkard Brinksmeier,et al.  Process chains for high-precision components with micro-scale features , 2016 .

[141]  K. Subramanian,et al.  Sensing of Drill Wear and Prediction of Drill Life , 1977 .

[142]  Sein Leung Soo,et al.  High performance cutting of advanced aerospace alloys and composite materials , 2015 .

[143]  Xue Mei Chen,et al.  Research on Helical Milling Specialized Tool Based on Chip-Splitting Mechanism , 2014 .

[144]  O. Gonzalo,et al.  Ultrasonically assisted drilling of carbon fibre reinforced plastics and Ti6Al4V , 2016 .

[145]  João Manuel R. S. Tavares,et al.  Evaluation of Delamination Damage on Composite Plates using an Artificial Neural Network for the Radiographic Image Analysis , 2010 .

[146]  I. Amenabar,et al.  Experimental analysis of drilling damage in carbon-fiber reinforced thermoplastic laminates manufactured by resin transfer molding , 2012 .

[147]  T. Bernthaler,et al.  A comparative study on tool wear and laminate damage in drilling of carbon-fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) , 2016 .

[148]  Hong Hocheng,et al.  Effects of special drill bits on drilling-induced delamination of composite materials , 2006 .

[149]  T. V. Rajamurugan,et al.  Analysis of delamination in drilling glass fiber reinforced polyester composites , 2013 .

[150]  João Manuel R. S. Tavares,et al.  Delamination analysis of carbon fibre reinforced laminates: Evaluation of a special step drill , 2009 .

[151]  Redouane Zitoune,et al.  Numerical prediction of the thrust force responsible of delamination during the drilling of the long-fibre composite structures , 2007 .

[152]  Liping Liu,et al.  The effect of support on multi-hole drilling for glass fiber-reinforced plastic composite materials , 2017 .