A survey of condition monitoring and protection methods for medium voltage induction motors

Medium voltage induction motors are widely used in industry and are essential to industrial processes. The breakdown of these medium voltage motors not only leads to high repair expenses, but also causes extraordinary financial losses due to unexpected downtime. To provide reliable condition monitoring and protection for medium voltage motors, this paper presents a comprehensive survey of the existing condition monitoring and protection methods in the following five areas: thermal protection and temperature estimation, stator insulation monitoring and fault detection, bearing fault detection, broken rotor bar/end-ring detection, and air-gap eccentricity detection. For each category, the related features of medium voltage motors are discussed; the effectiveness of the existing methods are discussed in terms of their robustness, accuracy and implementation complexity; recommendations for the future research in these areas are also presented.

[1]  Thomas G. Habetler,et al.  An active stator temperature estimation technique for thermal protection of inverter-fed induction motors with considerations of impaired cooling detection , 2010, 2009 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference.

[2]  Thomas G. Habetler,et al.  A new method to detect stator turn-to-turn faults in a closed-loop multiple-motor drive system , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives.

[3]  R. Puche-Panadero,et al.  Diagnosis of eccentricity based on the Hilbert transform of the startup transient current , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives.

[4]  Ivan Jaksch,et al.  Demodulation analysis for exact rotor faults detection under changing parameters , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives.

[5]  Hubert Razik,et al.  A Novel Monitoring of Load Level and Broken Bar Fault Severity Applied to Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors Using a Genetic Algorithm , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[6]  António J. Marques Cardoso,et al.  The Use of the Instantaneous-Reactive-Power Signature Analysis for Rotor-Cage-Fault Diagnostics in Three-Phase Induction Motors , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[7]  M. W. Degner,et al.  Stator Windings Fault Diagnostics of Induction Machines Operated From Inverters and Soft-Starters Using High-Frequency Negative-Sequence Currents , 2009 .

[8]  Alberto Bellini,et al.  Detection of Generalized-Roughness Bearing Fault by Spectral-Kurtosis Energy of Vibration or Current Signals , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[9]  T.G. Habetler,et al.  A DC Signal Injection-Based Thermal Protection Scheme for Soft-Starter-Connected Induction Motors , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[10]  Alberto Bellini,et al.  Diagnosis of Induction Machines' Rotor Faults in Time-Varying Conditions , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[11]  Zhi Gao,et al.  A Complex Space Vector Approach to Rotor Temperature Estimation for Line-Connected Induction Machines With Impaired Cooling , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[12]  G. Donner,et al.  A Motor Primer—Part 6 , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[13]  A. Bellini,et al.  Diagnosis of mechanical faults by spectral kurtosis energy , 2008, 2008 34th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics.

[14]  Thomas G. Habetler,et al.  A Remote and Sensorless Stator Winding Resistance Estimation Method for Thermal Protection of Soft-Starter-Connected Induction Machines , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[15]  Wei Zhou,et al.  Bearing Fault Detection Via Stator Current Noise Cancellation and Statistical Control , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[16]  Claudio Bruzzese,et al.  Analysis and Application of Particular Current Signatures (Symptoms) for Cage Monitoring in Nonsinusoidally Fed Motors With High Rejection to Drive Load, Inertia, and Frequency Variations , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[17]  C. Tassoni,et al.  Rotor fault detection in closed loop induction motors drives by electric signal analysis , 2008, 2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines.

[18]  António J. Marques Cardoso,et al.  A New Model-Based Technique for the Diagnosis of Rotor Faults in RFOC Induction Motor Drives , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[19]  Don-Ha Hwang,et al.  Analysis of Inverter-Fed Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor During Eccentric Rotor Motion Using FEM , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[20]  Arturo Garcia-Perez,et al.  Automatic Online Diagnosis Algorithm for Broken-Bar Detection on Induction Motors Based on Discrete Wavelet Transform for FPGA Implementation , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[21]  Bin Lu,et al.  Practical implementation of a remote and sensorless stator resistance-based thermal protection method , 2008, 2008 International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis.

[22]  T.G. Habetler,et al.  Methods for thermal protection of medium voltage induction motors — A review , 2008, 2008 International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis.

[23]  Richard J. Povinelli,et al.  Induction Machine Broken Bar and Stator Short-Circuit Fault Diagnostics Based on Three-Phase Stator Current Envelopes , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[24]  Luis Romeral,et al.  Fault Detection in Induction Machines Using Power Spectral Density in Wavelet Decomposition , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[25]  Thomas G. Habetler,et al.  A Sensorless Rotor Temperature Estimator for Induction Machines Based on a Current Harmonic Spectral Estimation Scheme , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[26]  T.G. Habetler,et al.  A Sensorless Adaptive Stator Winding Temperature Estimator for Mains-Fed Induction Machines With Continuous-Operation Periodic Duty Cycles , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[27]  M. Riera-Guasp,et al.  The Use of the Wavelet Approximation Signal as a Tool for the Diagnosis of Rotor Bar Failures , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[28]  Izzet Yilmaz,et al.  Induction Motor Bearing Failure Detection and Diagnosis: Park and Concordia Transform Approaches Comparative Study , 2008 .

[29]  J. Faiz,et al.  Finite-Element Transient Analysis of Induction Motors Under Mixed Eccentricity Fault , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[30]  P.M. John,et al.  A qualitative assessment of the insulation systems of medium voltage induction motors , 2007, 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS).

[31]  Wei Zhou,et al.  Bearing Condition Monitoring Methods for Electric Machines: A General Review , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives.

[32]  Wei Zhou,et al.  Stator Current-Based Bearing Fault Detection Techniques: A General Review , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives.

[33]  Long Wu,et al.  A Review of Separating Mechanical Load Effects from Rotor Faults Detection in Induction Motors , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives.

[34]  T.G. Habetler,et al.  A Nonintrusive Induction Motor Stator Resistance Estimation Method using a Soft-Starter , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives.

[35]  L.B. Farr,et al.  Considerations in Medium Voltage Reduced Voltage Motor Starting the Good, the Bad and the Ugly , 2007, Conference Record of 2007 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference.

[36]  A. Bellini,et al.  Quad Demodulation: A Time Domain Diagnostic Method for Induction Machines , 2007, 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting.

[37]  Shahin Hedayati Kia,et al.  A High-Resolution Frequency Estimation Method for Three-Phase Induction Machine Fault Detection , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[38]  H. Rasmussen,et al.  Observer-Based Estimation of Stator-Winding Faults in Delta-Connected Induction Motors: A Linear Matrix Inequality Approach , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[39]  T.G. Habetler,et al.  A Survey of Methods for Detection of Stator-Related Faults in Induction Machines , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[40]  Xianghui Huang,et al.  Detection of Rotor Eccentricity Faults in a Closed-Loop Drive-Connected Induction Motor Using an Artificial Neural Network , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[41]  G.C. Stone,et al.  Electrical Testing of Low and Medium Voltage Motors , 2007, Conference Record of 2007 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference.

[42]  G.C. Stone,et al.  Stator insulation problems associated with low voltage and medium voltage PWM drives , 2007, 2007 IEEE Cement Industry Technical Conference Record.

[43]  S. Nandi,et al.  Performance Analysis of a Three-Phase Induction Machine With Inclined Static Eccentricity , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[44]  V. Fernão Pires,et al.  Unsupervised Neural-Network-Based Algorithm for an On-Line Diagnosis of Three-Phase Induction Motor Stator Fault , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[45]  Long Wu,et al.  Eliminating Load Oscillation Effects for Rotor Eccentricity Detection in Closed-Loop Drive-Connected Induction Motors , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[46]  N.Y. Abed,et al.  Modeling and Characterization of Induction Motor Internal Faults Using Finite-Element and Discrete Wavelet Transforms , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[47]  T.G. Habetler,et al.  A Nonintrusive and In-Service Motor Efficiency Estimation Method using Air-Gap Torque with Considerations of Condition Monitoring , 2006, Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Forty-First IAS Annual Meeting.

[48]  Colin H. Hansen,et al.  Detection of broken rotor bars in induction motor using starting-current analysis and effects of loading , 2006 .

[49]  J. Poshtan,et al.  An Advanced Park's Vectors Approach for Bearing Fault Detection , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology.

[50]  Guillermo R. Bossio,et al.  Application of an Additional Excitation in Inverter-Fed Induction Motors for Air-Gap Eccentricity Diagnosis , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[51]  B. Mirafzal,et al.  Interturn Fault Diagnosis in Induction Motors Using the Pendulous Oscillation Phenomenon , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[52]  C. Tassoni,et al.  Thorough Understanding and Experimental Validation of Current Sideband Components in Induction Machines Rotor Monitoring , 2006, IECON 2006 - 32nd Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics.

[53]  S. Nandi,et al.  Detection of Stator Faults in Induction Machines Using Residual Saturation Harmonics , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[54]  Mo-Yuen Chow,et al.  Multiple Discriminant Analysis and Neural-Network-Based Monolith and Partition Fault-Detection Schemes for Broken Rotor Bar in Induction Motors , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[55]  M. Riera-Guasp,et al.  Validation of a new method for the diagnosis of rotor bar failures via wavelet transform in industrial induction machines , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[56]  Antero Arkkio,et al.  Low-order parametric force model for eccentric-rotor electrical machine with parallel connections in stator winding , 2006 .

[57]  Slim Tnani,et al.  Diagnosis by parameter estimation of stator and rotor faults occurring in induction machines , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[58]  Antonio J. Marques Cardoso,et al.  Airgap eccentricity fault diagnosis, in three-phase induction motors, by the complex apparent power signature analysis , 2006 .

[59]  B. Mirafzal,et al.  On innovative methods of induction motor interturn and broken-bar fault diagnostics , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[60]  H. Razik,et al.  Fault detection of broken rotor bars in induction motor using a global fault index , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[61]  C. Tassoni,et al.  Monitoring of induction Machines by maximum covariance method for frequency tracking , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[62]  Jinkyu Yang,et al.  An online groundwall and phase-to-phase insulation quality assessment technique for AC-machine stator windings , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[63]  B. Oakes,et al.  A motor primer - part 5 , 2007, Record of Conference Papers Industry Applications Society 52nd Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference.

[64]  W. Rhodes,et al.  Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication PrinciplesUsing Current Signature Analysis Technology to Reliably Detect Cage Winding Defects in Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[65]  Sang Bin Lee,et al.  An online technique for monitoring the insulation condition of AC machine stator windings , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[66]  H.A. Toliyat,et al.  Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Electrical Motors—A Review , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[67]  A.M. Knight,et al.  Mechanical fault detection in a medium-sized induction motor using stator current monitoring , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[68]  I. Culbert,et al.  Using current signature analysis technology to reliably detect cage winding defects in squirrel cage induction motors , 2005 .

[69]  C. Yung,et al.  Opportunities to improve reliability and efficiency of medium-voltage electric motors , 2005, Record of Conference Papers Industry Applications Society 52nd Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference.

[70]  Sang Bin Lee,et al.  An on-line groundwall and phase to phase insulation quality assessment technique for AC machine stator windings , 2005, Fourtieth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2005 Industry Applications Conference, 2005..

[71]  R. Harley,et al.  Using a surge tester to detect rotor eccentricity faults in induction motors , 2005, Fourtieth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2005 Industry Applications Conference, 2005..

[72]  A.J.M. Cardoso,et al.  Multiple reference frames theory: a new method for the diagnosis of stator faults in three-phase induction motors , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[73]  Guillermo R. Bossio,et al.  Effects of rotor bar and end-ring faults over the signals of a position estimation strategy for induction motors , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[74]  Gojko Joksimovic,et al.  Dynamic simulation of cage induction machine with air gap eccentricity , 2005 .

[75]  B. Ayhan,et al.  Multiple signature processing-based fault detection schemes for broken rotor bar in induction motors , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[76]  J.A. Henao-Sepulveda,et al.  Contactless Monitoring of Ball Bearing Temperature , 2005, 2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings.

[77]  Sang Bin Lee,et al.  An on-line technique for monitoring the insulation condition of AC machine stator windings , 2005, IEEE International Conference on Electric Machines and Drives, 2005..

[78]  T.G. Habetler,et al.  Separating load torque oscillation and rotor fault effects in stator current-based motor condition monitoring , 2005, IEEE International Conference on Electric Machines and Drives, 2005..

[79]  B. Mirafzal,et al.  On innovative methods of induction motor inter-turn and broken-bar fault diagnostics , 2005, IEEE International Conference on Electric Machines and Drives, 2005..

[80]  H.A. Toliyat,et al.  DSP implementation of the multiple reference frames theory for the diagnosis of stator faults in a DTC induction motor drive , 2003, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[81]  B. Mirafzal,et al.  Effects of load magnitude on diagnosing broken bar faults in induction motors using the pendulous oscillation of the rotor magnetic field orientation , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[82]  Tao He,et al.  Fault diagnosis of motor bearing using self-organizing maps , 2005, 2005 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems.

[83]  C. Tassoni,et al.  Assessment of induction machines rotor fault severity by different approaches , 2005, 31st Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2005. IECON 2005..

[84]  A.J.M. Cardoso,et al.  Bearing failures diagnosis in three-phase induction motors by extended Park's vector approach , 2005, 31st Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2005. IECON 2005..

[85]  Bertrand Raison,et al.  Models for bearing damage detection in induction motors using stator current monitoring , 2008, 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics.

[86]  L. Eren,et al.  Detecting motor bearing faults , 2004, IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine.

[87]  Wenzhong Gao,et al.  A simple model-based online rotor time constant estimator for an induction machine , 2004 .

[88]  Zhe Zhang,et al.  Online rotor mixed fault diagnosis way based on spectrum analysis of instantaneous power in squirrel cage induction motors , 2004 .

[89]  Michael J. Devaney,et al.  Bearing damage detection via wavelet packet decomposition of the stator current , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[90]  Mario Eltabach,et al.  A comparison of external and internal methods of signal spectral analysis for broken rotor bars detection in induction motors , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[91]  Wenzhong Gao.  A simple model-based online rotor time constant estimator for an induction machine , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[92]  R. Harley,et al.  Bearing fault detection via autoregressive stator current modeling , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[93]  Josep M. Guerrero,et al.  Online diagnostics in inverter-fed induction machines using high-frequency signal injection , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[94]  H.A. Toliyat,et al.  DSP implementation of the multiple reference frames theory for the diagnosis of stator faults in a DTC induction motor drive , 2005, 4th IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives, 2003. SDEMPED 2003..

[95]  N. Demerdash,et al.  Induction machine broken-bar fault diagnosis using the rotor magnetic field space vector orientation , 2004, 38th IAS Annual Meeting on Conference Record of the Industry Applications Conference, 2003..

[96]  J. Guerrero,et al.  On-line diagnostics in inverter fed induction machines using high frequency signal injection , 2003, 38th IAS Annual Meeting on Conference Record of the Industry Applications Conference, 2003..

[97]  M.F. Cabanas,et al.  Analysis of the fatigue causes on the rotor bars of squirrel cage asynchronous motors: experimental analysis and modelling of medium voltage motors , 2003, 4th IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives, 2003. SDEMPED 2003..

[98]  T. G. Habetler,et al.  Experimental testing of a neural-network-based turn-fault detection scheme for induction machines under accelerated insulation failure conditions , 2003, 4th IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives, 2003. SDEMPED 2003..

[99]  T. G. Habetler,et al.  A remote and sensorless thermal protection scheme for small line-connected ac machines , 2003 .

[100]  T.G. Habetler,et al.  Effects of machine speed on the development and detection of rolling element bearing faults , 2003, IEEE Power Electronics Letters.

[101]  Thomas M. Wolbank,et al.  Inverter statistics for online detection of stator asymmetries in inverter-fed induction motors , 2003 .

[102]  S. A. McInerny,et al.  Basic vibration signal processing for bearing fault detection , 2003, IEEE Trans. Educ..

[103]  C. F. Landy,et al.  A novel method to detect broken rotor bars in squirrel cage induction motors when interbar currents are present , 2002, 2003 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37491).

[104]  T.G. Habetler,et al.  Stator winding turn-fault detection for closed-loop induction motor drives , 2002, Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344).

[105]  F. Briz,et al.  On-line stator winding fault diagnosis in inverter-fed AC machines using high frequency signal injection , 2002, Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344).

[106]  A. Boglietti,et al.  A simplified thermal model for variable speed self cooled industrial induction motor , 2002, Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344).

[107]  J. L. Kohler,et al.  Condition monitoring of stator windings in induction motors. II. Experimental investigation of voltage mismatch detectors , 2002 .

[108]  H. A. Toliyat,et al.  Performance Analysis of a Three-Phase Induction Motor under Mixed Eccentricity Condition , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[109]  T. G. Habetler,et al.  Self-commissioning training algorithms for neural networks with applications to electric machine fault diagnostics , 2002 .

[110]  Giovanni Franceschini,et al.  On-field experience with online diagnosis of large induction motors cage failures using MCSA , 2002 .

[111]  Hamid A. Toliyat,et al.  Novel frequency-domain-based technique to detect stator interturn faults in induction machines using stator-induced voltages after switch-off , 2002 .

[112]  K. Vasudevan,et al.  Online Cage Rotor Fault Detection Using Air-Gap Torque Spectra , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[113]  A.H. Bonnett,et al.  Motor temperature considerations for pulp and paper mill applications , 2002, Conference Record of the 2002 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.02CH37352).

[114]  M. Haji,et al.  Pattern Recognition-A Technique for Induction Machines Rotor Broken Bar Detection , 2001, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[115]  D. K. Perovic,et al.  Online stator fault diagnosis in induction motors , 2001 .

[116]  T.G. Habetler,et al.  An on-line stator winding resistance estimation technique for temperature monitoring of line-connected induction machines , 2001, Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 36th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37248).

[117]  J. F. Moreno,et al.  Realisation of tests to determine the parameters of the thermal model of an induction machine , 2001 .

[118]  S. Ahmed,et al.  Detection of Rotor Slot and Other Eccentricity-Related Harmonics in a Three-Phase Induction Motor with Different Rotor Cages , 2001, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[119]  R. Gleichman,et al.  Failure modes and field testing of medium voltage motor windings , 2001, Conference Record of 2001 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.01CH37209).

[120]  R. M. Tallam,et al.  A robust, on-line turn-fault detection technique for induction machines based on monitoring the sequence component impedance matrix , 2001, 2001 IEEE 32nd Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37230).

[121]  A. H. Bonnett,et al.  Introduction to IEEE 841-2001, IEEE standard for petroleum and chemical industry-severe duty totally enclosed fan-cooled (TEFC) squirrel cage induction motors-up to and including 370 kW (500 HP) , 1995, Record of Conference Papers. IEEE incorporated Industry Applications Society. Forty-Eighth Annual Conference. 2001 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.01CH37265).

[122]  Alberto Bellini,et al.  Quantitative Evaluation of Induction Motor Broken Bars By Means of Electric Signals Signatures , 2001 .

[123]  R. Harley,et al.  A stator and rotor resistance estimation technique for conductor temperature monitoring , 2000, Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Fifth IAS Annual Meeting and World Conference on Industrial Applications of Electrical Energy (Cat. No.00CH37129).

[124]  A.J. Marques Cardoso,et al.  Stator winding fault diagnosis in three-phase synchronous and asynchronous motors, by the extended Park's vector approach , 2000, Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Fifth IAS Annual Meeting and World Conference on Industrial Applications of Electrical Energy (Cat. No.00CH37129).

[125]  F. Filippetti,et al.  Quantitative evaluation of induction motor broken bars by means of electrical signature analysis , 2000, Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Fifth IAS Annual Meeting and World Conference on Industrial Applications of Electrical Energy (Cat. No.00CH37129).

[126]  R. R. Obaid,et al.  A simplified technique for detecting mechanical faults using stator current in small induction motors , 2000, Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Fifth IAS Annual Meeting and World Conference on Industrial Applications of Electrical Energy (Cat. No.00CH37129).

[127]  Gojko Joksimovic,et al.  The detection of inter-turn short circuits in the stator windings of operating motors , 2000, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[128]  Mo-Yuen Chow,et al.  Neural-network-based motor rolling bearing fault diagnosis , 2000, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[129]  W. T. Thomson,et al.  Industrial application of current signature analysis to diagnose faults in 3-phase squirrel cage induction motors , 2000, Conference Record of 2000 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.00CH37111).

[130]  Nabeel A. O. Demerdash,et al.  Comparison between characterization and diagnosis of broken bars/end-ring connectors and airgap eccentricities of induction motors in ASDs using a coupled finite element-state space method , 2000 .

[131]  Christian Kral,et al.  Sequences of field-oriented control for the detection of faulty rotor bars in induction machines-the Vienna Monitoring Method , 1998, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[132]  Fei Wang,et al.  Motor shaft voltages and bearing currents and their reduction in multi-level medium voltage PWM voltage source inverter drive applications , 1999, Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370).

[133]  F. Filippetti,et al.  Closed loop control impact on the diagnosis of induction motors faults , 1999, Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370).

[134]  Andrzej M. Trzynadlowski,et al.  Comparative investigation of diagnostic media for induction motors: a case of rotor cage faults , 1999, Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370).

[135]  Birsen Yazici,et al.  An adaptive statistical time-frequency method for detection of broken bars and bearing faults in motors using stator current , 1999 .

[136]  T. G. Habetler,et al.  Insulation failure prediction in AC machines using line-neutral voltages , 1998 .

[137]  O.V. Thorsen,et al.  Failure identification and analysis for high voltage induction motors in petrochemical industry , 1998, Conference Record of 1998 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Third IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.98CH36242).

[138]  H.A. Toliyat,et al.  A novel approach for broken rotor bar detection in cage induction motors , 1998, Conference Record of 1998 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Third IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.98CH36242).

[139]  J. Kapler,et al.  Stator winding monitoring , 1998 .

[140]  G. Joksimovic,et al.  The detection of interturn short circuits in the stator windings of operating motors , 1998, IECON '98. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (Cat. No.98CH36200).

[141]  John F. Watson,et al.  The use of line current as a condition monitoring tool for three phase induction motors , 1998 .

[142]  Mohd Jailani Mohd Nor,et al.  Statistical analysis of sound and vibration signals for monitoring rolling element bearing condition , 1998 .

[143]  G.M. Asher,et al.  The effect of rotor design on sensorless speed estimation using rotor slot harmonics identified by adaptive digital filtering using the maximum likelihood approach , 1997, IAS '97. Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting.

[144]  Thomas G. Habetler,et al.  A thermal monitoring and parameter tuning scheme for induction machines , 1997, IAS '97. Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting.

[145]  Thomas A. Lipo,et al.  Bearing currents and shaft voltages of an induction motor under hard and soft switching inverter excitation , 1997, IAS '97. Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting.

[146]  M. Dalva,et al.  Condition monitoring methods, failure identification and analysis for high voltage motors in petrochemical industry , 1997 .

[147]  M. Tadjine,et al.  Speed and rotor time constant estimation via MRAS strategy for induction motor drives , 1997, 1997 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference Record.

[148]  R. Beguenane,et al.  Induction motors thermal monitoring by means of rotor resistance identification , 1997, 1997 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference Record.

[149]  D.S.B. Fonseca,et al.  Inter-turn stator winding fault diagnosis in three-phase induction motors, by Park's Vector approach , 1997, 1997 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference Record.

[150]  P. E. Sutherland,et al.  Surge protection of a large medium voltage motor-a case study , 1997, 1997 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference. Conference Record.

[151]  Thomas G. Habetler,et al.  Evaluation and implementation of a system to eliminate arbitrary load effects in current-based monitoring of induction machines , 1996, IAS '96. Conference Record of the 1996 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-First IAS Annual Meeting.

[152]  William James Premerlani,et al.  A new approach to on-line turn fault detection in AC motors , 1996, IAS '96. Conference Record of the 1996 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-First IAS Annual Meeting.

[153]  F. Filippetti,et al.  AI techniques in induction machines diagnosis including the speed ripple effect , 1996, IAS '96. Conference Record of the 1996 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-First IAS Annual Meeting.

[154]  Hamid A. Toliyat,et al.  A method for dynamic simulation of air-gap eccentricity in induction machines , 1996 .

[155]  O.P. Malik,et al.  Thermal model based digital relaying algorithm for induction motor protection , 1996, Proceedings of 1996 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering.

[156]  David G. Dorrell,et al.  Analysis of airgap flux, current and vibration signals as a function of the combination of static and dynamic airgap eccentricity in 3-phase induction motors , 1995, IAS '95. Conference Record of the 1995 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirtieth IAS Annual Meeting.

[157]  W. F. Low,et al.  In-situ determination of thermal coefficients for electrical machines , 1995 .

[158]  J. S. Hsu,et al.  Monitoring of defects in induction motors through air-gap torque observation , 1995 .

[159]  Hamid A. Toliyat,et al.  Transient analysis of cage induction machines under stator, rotor bar and end ring faults , 1995 .

[160]  Thomas G. Habetler,et al.  An integrated, on-line, motor protection system , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[161]  Thomas G. Habetler,et al.  An unsupervised, on-line system for induction motor fault detection using stator current monitoring , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[162]  T.G. Habetler,et al.  Motor bearing damage detection using stator current monitoring , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[163]  Jurgen Bredthauer,et al.  Starting of large medium voltage motors design, protection and safety aspects , 1994, Proceedings of IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC '94).

[164]  G. Champenois,et al.  ELECTRICAL AND THERMAL PERFORMANCE PREDICTIONS IN INVERTER-FED SQUIRREL-CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES , 1994 .

[165]  C. F. Landy,et al.  Determination of interbar current effects in the detection of broken rotor bars in squirrel cage induction motors , 1994 .

[166]  R. R. Schoen,et al.  Effects of time-varying loads on rotor fault detection in induction machines , 1993, Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting.

[167]  Ph. K. Sattler,et al.  On-line-estimation of temperatures in electrical machines by an observer , 1993 .

[168]  E. S. Saraiva,et al.  Computer aided detection of airgap eccentricity in operating three-phase induction motors, by Park's vector approach , 1991, Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[169]  D. R. Turner,et al.  Lumped parameter thermal model for electrical machines of TEFC design , 1991 .

[170]  R. Maier,et al.  Protection of squirrel cage induction motor utilizing instantaneous power and phase information , 1990, Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[171]  G. I. Fox,et al.  Overload protection for medium voltage motors controlled by switchgear starters , 1990, Annual Technical Conference on Pulp and Paper Industry.

[172]  J.L. Kohler,et al.  Alternatives for assessing the electrical integrity of induction motors , 1989, Conference Record of the IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting,.

[173]  J. Lang,et al.  Detection of broken rotor bars in induction motors using state and parameter estimation , 1989, Conference Record of the IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting,.

[174]  Ieee Sruor,et al.  Improving Existing Motor Protection for Medium Voltage Motors , 1989 .

[175]  G. B. Kliman,et al.  Noninvasive detection of broken rotor bars in operating induction motors , 1988 .

[176]  M. W. Hawman,et al.  Acoustic emission monitoring of rolling element bearings , 1988, IEEE 1988 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings..

[177]  G.E. Dawson,et al.  The detection of broken bars in the cage rotor of an induction machine , 1988, Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[178]  Bharat H. Maru,et al.  Anti-friction bearing temperature rise for NEMA frame motors , 1988, Record of Conference Papers., Industrial Applications Society 35th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference,.

[179]  R. L. Nailen,et al.  Can field tests prove motor efficiency , 1988, Conference Record, Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference, 1988..

[180]  Peter Tavner,et al.  Condition monitoring of electrical machines , 1987 .

[181]  Austin H. Bonnett,et al.  Rotor Failures in Squirrel Cage Induction Motors , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[182]  W. T. Thomson,et al.  Vibration and current monitoring for detecting airgap eccentricity in large induction motors , 1986 .

[183]  J. Penman,et al.  Condition monitoring of electrical drives , 1986 .

[184]  E.L. Owen,et al.  Assessment of the Reliability of Motors in Utility Applications - Updated , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[185]  S. Williamson,et al.  Analysis of Cage Induction Motors with Stator Winding Faults , 1985, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[186]  I. Kerszenbaum,et al.  The Existence of Large Inter-Bar Currents in Three Phase Squirrel Cage Motors with Rotor-Bar And/Or End-Ring Faults , 1984, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[187]  S. J. Yang,et al.  Low-Noise Electrical Motors , 1981 .

[188]  Derek A. Paice,et al.  Motor Thermal Protection by Continuous Monitoring of Winding Resistance , 1980, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics and Control Instrumentation.

[189]  T. A. Harris,et al.  Rolling Bearing Analysis , 1967 .