Design and fabrication of a multimode ring vector hydrophone

Typical underwater acoustic sensors can measure the magnitude of an incoming sound wave but cannot identify the direction. In this paper, a new simple method for detecting the direction of a sound wave with a piezoelectric ring hydrophone is proposed. This method divides the piezoceramic ring of the hydrophone into eight elements and distinguishes the direction of the sound wave by combining the output voltages of the elements in a particular manner. The validity of the design method was confirmed through the fabrication of an experimental prototype of the ring hydrophone with the proposed structure and a comparison of its performance with the design results. The method allows the ring vector hydrophone to operate over a very wide frequency range without being restricted to its structural resonant frequencies.

[1]  Charles H. Sherman,et al.  Transducers and Arrays for Underwater Sound , 2008 .

[2]  John L. Butler,et al.  A trimodal directional modem transducer , 2003, Oceans 2003. Celebrating the Past ... Teaming Toward the Future (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37492).

[3]  José M. F. Moura,et al.  Cramer-Rao bound for location systems in multipath environments , 1991, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[4]  Keiichi Zempo,et al.  Localization of Acoustic Reflective Boundary Using a Pair of Microphones and an Arbitrary Sound Source , 2013 .

[5]  Tadashi Ebihara.  Improvement of Power Efficiency for Underwater Acoustic Communication Using Orthogonal Signal Division Multiplexing over Multiple Transducers , 2013 .

[6]  John L. Butler,et al.  Multimode spherical hydrophone , 1974 .

[7]  J. C. Shipps,et al.  A miniature vector sensor for line array applications , 2003, Oceans 2003. Celebrating the Past ... Teaming Toward the Future (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37492).

[8]  W. Kuperman,et al.  Matched field processing: source localization in correlated noise as an optimum parameter estimation problem , 1988 .

[9]  E. W. Morris.  No , 1923, The Hospital and health review.

[10]  Kainam Thomas Wong,et al.  Beam patterns of an underwater acoustic vector hydrophone located away from any reflecting boundary , 2002 .

[11]  H. C. Schau,et al.  Passive source localization employing intersecting spherical surfaces from time-of-arrival differences , 1987, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[12]  Robert Hickling,et al.  Finding the direction of a sound source using a vector sound‐intensity probe , 1993 .

[13]  John L. Butler,et al.  Superdirective spherical radiator , 1975 .

[14]  John L. Butler,et al.  Equivalent circuit of a ceramic ring transducer operated in the dipole mode , 1975 .

[15]  Jianhua Ge,et al.  Iterative Receiver in Time–Frequency Domain for Shallow Water Acoustic Channel , 2012 .

[16]  Nan Zou,et al.  Circular Acoustic Vector-Sensor Array for Mode Beamforming , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[17]  M. T. Silvia,et al.  A theoretical and experimental investigation of low-frequency acoustic vector sensors , 2002, OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE.

[18]  H. Jeong,et al.  Radial vibration characteristics of piezoelectric cylindrical transducers , 2004 .

[19]  W. Marsden.  I and J , 2012 .

[20]  Michael A. Gerzon.  Maximum directivity factor of nth‐order transducers , 1976 .

[21]  B. Aronov,et al.  Broadband multimode baffled piezoelectric cylindrical shell transducers. , 2007, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[22]  John L. Butler,et al.  Multimode directional telesonar transducer , 2000, OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE Conference and Exhibition. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37158).

[23]  A. L. Butler,et al.  The modal projector. , 2011, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[24]  J. A. McConnell,et al.  Analysis of a compliantly suspended acoustic velocity sensor. , 2003, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[25]  Joseph A Rice,et al.  A tri-modal directional transducer. , 2001, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[26]  Arye Nehorai,et al.  Acoustic vector-sensor array processing , 1994, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..