Revival of the magnetoelectric effect

Recent research activities on the linear magnetoelectric (ME) effect?induction of magnetization by an electric field or of polarization by a magnetic field?are reviewed. Beginning with a brief summary of the history of the ME effect since its prediction in 1894, the paper focuses on the present revival of the effect. Two major sources for 'large' ME effects are identified. (i) In composite materials the ME effect is generated as a product property of a magnetostrictive and a piezoelectric compound. A linear ME polarization is induced by a weak ac magnetic field oscillating in the presence of a strong dc bias field. The ME effect is large if the ME coefficient coupling the magnetic and electric fields is large. Experiments on sintered granular composites and on laminated layers of the constituents as well as theories on the interaction between the constituents are described. In the vicinity of electromechanical resonances a ME voltage coefficient of up to 90?V?cm?1?Oe?1 is achieved, which exceeds the ME response of single-phase compounds by 3?5 orders of magnitude. Microwave devices, sensors, transducers and heterogeneous read/write devices are among the suggested technical implementations of the composite ME effect. (ii) In multiferroics the internal magnetic and/or electric fields are enhanced by the presence of multiple long-range ordering. The ME effect is strong enough to trigger magnetic or electrical phase transitions. ME effects in multiferroics are thus 'large' if the corresponding contribution to the free energy is large. Clamped ME switching of electrical and magnetic domains, ferroelectric reorientation induced by applied magnetic fields and induction of ferromagnetic ordering in applied electric fields were observed. Mechanisms favouring multiferroicity are summarized, and multiferroics in reduced dimensions are discussed. In addition to composites and multiferroics, novel and exotic manifestations of ME behaviour are investigated. This includes (i) optical second harmonic generation as a tool to study magnetic, electrical and ME properties in one setup and with access to domain structures; (ii) ME effects in colossal magnetoresistive manganites, superconductors and phosphates of the LiMPO4 type; (iii) the concept of the toroidal moment as manifestation of a ME dipole moment; (iv) pronounced ME effects in photonic crystals with a possibility of electromagnetic unidirectionality. The review concludes with a summary and an outlook to the future development of magnetoelectrics research.

[1]  W. C. Röntgen,et al.  Ueber die durch Bewegung eines im homogenen electrischen Felde befindlichen Dielectricums hervorgerufene electrodynamische Kraft , 1888 .

[2]  Harold A. Wilson.  On the Electric Effect of Rotating a Dielectric in a Magnetic Field , 1905 .

[3]  P. Debye.  Bemerkung zu einigen neuen Versuchen über einen magneto-elektrischen Richteffekt , 1926 .

[4]  J. V. Vleck,et al.  The theory of electric and magnetic susceptibilities , 1934, The Mathematical Gazette.

[5]  Melba Phillips,et al.  Classical Electricity and Magnetism , 1955 .

[6]  J. D. Eshelby.  The determination of the elastic field of an ellipsoidal inclusion, and related problems , 1957, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[7]  I. Dzyaloshinsky.  A thermodynamic theory of “weak” ferromagnetism of antiferromagnetics , 1958 .

[8]  T. Moriya.  Anisotropic Superexchange Interaction and Weak Ferromagnetism , 1960 .

[9]  E. M. Lifshitz,et al.  Electrodynamics of continuous media , 1961 .

[10]  G. Rado,et al.  Observation of the Magnetically Induced Magnetoelectric Effect and Evidence for Antiferromagnetic Domains , 1961 .

[11]  G. Rado,et al.  Anisotropy of the Magnetoelectric Effect in Cr 2 O 3 , 1961 .

[12]  C. Peters,et al.  Generation of optical harmonics , 1961 .

[13]  P. Pershan.  NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS: ENERGY CONSIDERATIONS , 1963 .

[14]  T. O'dell.  The field invariants in a magneto-electric medium , 1963 .

[15]  E. Bertaut,et al.  Structure magnetique de MnYO3 , 1963 .

[16]  R. Birss,et al.  Symmetry and magnetism , 1964 .

[17]  G. Rado.  Observation and Possible Mechanisms of Magnetoelectric Effects in a Ferromagnet , 1964 .

[18]  E. Ascher,et al.  Dielectric properties of boracites and evidence for ferroelectricity , 1964 .

[19]  E. Ascher,et al.  Magnetic susceptibilities of some 3d transition metal boracites , 1965 .

[20]  N. Bloembergen,et al.  Paramagnetoelectric Effects in NiSO4·6H2O , 1965 .

[21]  R. Newnham,et al.  Magnetic properties of LiCoPO4 and LiNiPO4 , 1966 .

[22]  E. Ascher,et al.  Some Properties of Ferromagnetoelectric Nickel‐Iodine Boracite, Ni3B7O13I , 1966 .

[23]  T. O'dell.  An induced magneto-electric effect in yttrium iron garnet , 1967 .

[24]  R. E. Newnham,et al.  Antiferromagnetism in LiFePO4 , 1967 .

[25]  R. Hornreich,et al.  Statistical Mechanics and Origin of the Magnetoelectric Effect in Cr 2 O 3 , 1967 .

[26]  M. Eibschütz,et al.  Antiferromagnetic-piezoelectric crystals: BaMe4 (M = Mn, Fe, Co and Ni) , 1968 .

[27]  W. F. Brown,et al.  Upper Bound on the Magnetoelectric Susceptibility , 1968 .

[28]  E. Ascher.  Higher-order magneto-electric effects , 1968 .

[29]  Measurements of the magnetic field dependent electric susceptibility of yttrium iron garnet , 1969 .

[30]  S. Skinner.  Magnetically Ordered Ferroelectric Materials , 1970 .

[31]  T. O'dell.  The Electrodynamics Of Magneto-Electric Media , 1970 .

[32]  K. Aizu.  Possible Species of Ferromagnetic, Ferroelectric, and Ferroelastic Crystals , 1970 .

[33]  R. Newnham,et al.  Symmetry of secondary ferroics. I , 1974 .

[34]  D. R. Terrell,et al.  An in situ grown eutectic magnetoelectric composite material , 1974 .

[35]  A. Freeman,et al.  Magnetoelectric Interaction Phenomena in Crystals , 1975 .

[36]  R. Newnham,et al.  Secondary ferroics and domain-divided piezoelectrics , 1976 .

[37]  J. V. D. Boomgaard,et al.  Magnetoelectricity in piezoelectric-magnetostrictive composites , 1976 .

[38]  J. Tolédano,et al.  Order-parameter symmetries for the phase transitions of nonmagnetic secondary and higher-order ferroics , 1977 .

[39]  J. Scott,et al.  Ferroelectrically induced ferromagnetism , 1977 .

[40]  J. V. D. Boomgaard,et al.  A sintered magnetoelectric composite material BaTiO3-Ni(Co, Mn) Fe2O4 , 1978 .

[41]  L. E. Cross,et al.  Connectivity and piezoelectric-pyroelectric composites , 1978 .

[42]  Dynamical symmetry breakdown in two-dimensional quantum chromodynamics. III. The physical space , 1980 .

[43]  J. Scott,et al.  Magnetoelectric phenomena in BaMnF4 and BaMn0.99Co0.01F4 , 1980 .

[44]  J. Scott.  Spectroscopy of incommensurate ferroelectrics , 1980 .

[45]  Wave propagation in optically active and magnetoelectric media of arbitrary geometry , 1981 .

[46]  Kenji Uchino,et al.  Phase transitions in the Pb (Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 system , 1981 .

[47]  Kenji Uchino,et al.  Dielectric and Piezoelectric Properties of 0.91Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.09PbTiO3 Single Crystals , 1982 .

[48]  COMMENT ON THE PRECEDING PAPER BY T. H. BOYER , 1982 .

[49]  G. A. Smolenskii,et al.  REVIEWS OF TOPICAL PROBLEMS: Ferroelectromagnets , 1982 .

[50]  Frequency dependence of magnetoelectric phenomena in BaMn F 4 , 1982 .

[51]  W. G. Maisch,et al.  Magnetoelectric susceptibility and magnetic symmetry of magnetoelectrically annealed TbPO4 , 1984 .

[52]  Yaochun Shen.  Principles of nonlinear optics , 1984 .

[53]  I. Zhitomirsky,et al.  Material science aspects of seignette-magnetism problem , 1987 .

[54]  J. Perez-Mato.  Symmetry analysis of the phase transition sequence in betaine calcium chloride dihydrate , 1988 .

[55]  Wilczek,et al.  Consequences of time-reversal-symmetry violation in models of high-Tc superconductors. , 1989, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[56]  Zee,et al.  Effective theory of the T- and P-breaking superconducting state. , 1989, Physical review letters.

[57]  Takanobu Watanabe,et al.  Magnetoelectric effect and low temperature transition of PbFe0.5Nb0.5O3 single crystal , 1989 .

[58]  Dynamic inhomogeneous magnetoelectic effect in magnetics with domain strucure. Resonance excitation of domain boundaries with electric field , 1989 .

[59]  H. Schmid,et al.  Structure of a ferroelectric and ferroelastic monodomain crystal of the perovskite BiFeO3 , 1990 .

[60]  Generation of spin waves by ferroelectric wall excitations in a ferroelectric ferromagnet , 1990 .

[61]  Generation of the second harmonic in magnetoelectric Cr2O3 , 1990 .

[62]  T. Fujii,et al.  Ferromagnetic amorphouslike oxide films of the Fe2O3‐Bi2O3‐PbTiO3 system prepared by rf‐reactive sputtering , 1991 .

[63]  Ellipsometry and broken time-reversal symmetry in the high-temperature superconductors. , 1992, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[64]  Circular dichroism in high-temperature superconductors: A characteristic of broken space-inversion symmetry. , 1992, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[65]  The piezomagnetoelectric effect , 1992 .

[66]  R. Pisarev,et al.  Spontaneous non-reciprocal reflection of light from antiferromagnetic Cr2O3 , 1993 .

[67]  H. Grimmer.  The forms of tensors describing magnetic, electric and toroidal properties , 1994 .

[68]  The magnetoelectric effect of composites and polycrystals , 1994 .

[69]  Hans Schmid,et al.  Multi-ferroic magnetoelectrics , 1994 .

[70]  R. Pisarev.  Crystal optics of magnetoelectrics , 1994 .

[71]  Localized excitations and domain walls in hexagonal antiferromagnetic ferroelectrics , 1994 .

[72]  Dynamics of (anti)ferromagnetic/electric domain walls , 1994 .

[73]  Fröhlich,et al.  Second harmonic generation and magnetic-dipole-electric-dipole interference in antiferromagnetic Cr2O3. , 1994, Physical review letters.

[74]  J. Rivera.  On definitions, units, measurements, tensor forms of the linear magnetoelectric effect and on a new dynamic method applied to Cr-Cl boracite , 1994 .

[75]  Y. Kopaev,et al.  Toroidal order in crystals , 1994 .

[76]  Theory of a reflection experiment for determining magnetoelectric properties of cubic antiferromagnets at optical frequencies , 1994 .

[77]  Y. Venevtsev,et al.  Search, design and investigation of seignettomagnetic oxides , 1994 .

[78]  A. Janner.  Looking for a relativistic crystal optics , 1994 .

[79]  S. Suryanarayana.  Magnetoelectric interaction phenomena in materials , 1994 .

[80]  C. Nan,et al.  Magnetoelectric effect in composites of piezoelectric and piezomagnetic phases. , 1994, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[81]  A. Borovik-romanov.  Piezomagnetism, linear magnetostriction and magnetooptic effect , 1994 .

[82]  J. Rivera.  The linear magnetoelectric effect in LiCoPO4Revisited , 1994 .

[83]  Linear magnetoelectric effect in magnetic garnet thin films , 1994 .

[84]  The propagation of electromagnetic waves in magnetoelectric crystals: The discrete dipole approach , 1994 .

[85]  H. Schmid.  Introduction to the proceedings of the 2nd international conference on magnetoelectric interaction phenomena in crystals, MEIPIC-2 , 1994 .

[86]  Electric field induced drift motion of magnetic domain walls , 1994 .

[87]  G. Gehring.  On the microscopic theory of the magnetoelectric effect , 1994 .

[88]  Roman V. Pisarev,et al.  Domain topography of antiferromagnetic Cr2O3 by second‐harmonic generation , 1995 .

[89]  Benveniste.  Magnetoelectric effect in fibrous composites with piezoelectric and piezomagnetic phases. , 1995, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[90]  V. M. Edelstein,et al.  Magnetoelectric Effect in Polar Superconductors. , 1995, Physical review letters.

[91]  T. Yoshimura,et al.  Epitaxially grown YMnO3 film: New candidate for nonvolatile memory devices , 1996 .

[92]  T. Yoshimura,et al.  Growth mechanism of YMnO3 film as a new candidate for nonvolatile memory devices , 1996 .

[93]  V. M. Edelstein.  The Ginzburg - Landau equation for superconductors of polar symmetry , 1996 .

[94]  Pavlov,et al.  Magnetoelectric spectroscopy of electronic transitions in antiferromagnetic Cr2O3. , 1996, Physical review letters.

[95]  Kuwahara,et al.  Magnetic-field-induced metal-insulator phenomena in Pr1-xCaxMnO3 with controlled charge-ordering instability. , 1996, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[96]  T. Yoshimura,et al.  Fabrication of YMnO3 Thin Films on Si Substrates by a Pulsed Laser Deposition Method , 1997 .

[97]  Dielectric and ferroelectric properties of sol-gel derived BiFeO3 films , 1997 .

[98]  A. Zvezdin,et al.  Modern magnetooptics and magnetooptical materials , 1997 .

[99]  H. Kuwahara,et al.  Current switching of resistive states in magnetoresistive manganites , 1997, Nature.

[100]  V. A. Timofeeva,et al.  Linear magnetostriction and magneto-electric effect in piezoelectric Ga2-xFexO3 , 1997 .

[101]  Magnetoelectric generation of waves by domain walls in a ferroelectric-ferromagnet , 1997 .

[102]  Y. Sun,et al.  Coupling between the ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic orders in YMnO 3 , 1997 .

[103]  Formation of YMnO3 films directly on Si substrate , 1997 .

[104]  Jin H. Huang.  ANALYTICAL PREDICTIONS FOR THE MAGNETOELECTRIC COUPLING IN PIEZOMAGNETIC MATERIALS REINFORCED BY PIEZOELECTRIC ELLIPSOIDAL INCLUSIONS , 1998 .

[105]  Anisotropic ac Electrical Permittivity of a Periodic Metal-Dielectric Composite Film in a Strong Magnetic Field , 1998 .

[106]  Ferroelectric properties of c-oriented YMnO3 films deposited on Si substrates , 1998 .

[107]  Y. Tanabe,et al.  Magnetoelectric and second-harmonic spectra in antiferromagnetic Cr 2 O 3 , 1998 .

[108]  Y. Tanabe,et al.  Interference of Second Harmonics due to Electric and Magnetic Dipoles in Antiferromagnetic Cr2O3 , 1998 .

[109]  Boris A. Strukov,et al.  Ferroelectric Phenomena in Crystals , 1998 .

[110]  E. O. Kamenetskii.  THEORY OF BIANISOTROPIC CRYSTAL LATTICES , 1998 .

[111]  Dielectric Anomalies at Magnetic Transitions of Hexagonal Rare Earth Manganese Oxides RMnO3 , 1998 .

[112]  V. A. Timofeeva,et al.  Magnetoelectric effect and toroidal ordering in Ga2−xFexO3 , 1998 .

[113]  B. Raveau,et al.  Colossal magnetoresistance, charge ordering and related properties of manganese oxides , 1998 .

[114]  Preparation and properties of elastically coupled electro-magnetic elements with a bonding structure , 1998 .

[115]  J. Tartaj,et al.  Phase transition and electrical conductivity in the system YMnO3-CaMnO3 , 1999 .

[116]  K. Bennemann.  Nonlinear Optics in Metals , 1999 .

[117]  Karin M. Rabe,et al.  FIRST-PRINCIPLES INVESTIGATION OF FERROMAGNETISM AND FERROELECTRICITY IN BISMUTH MANGANITE , 1999 .

[118]  First Principles Study of Structural, Electronic and Magnetic Interplay in Ferroelectromagnetic Yttrium Manganite , 1999, cond-mat/9910524.

[119]  D. V. Belov,et al.  Magnetic-field-induced toroidal moment in the magnetoelectric Cr2O3 , 1999 .

[120]  Soon-Gil Yoon,et al.  Metal/ferroelectric/insulator/semiconductor structure of Pt/SrBi2Ta2O9/YMnO3/Si using YMnO3 as the buffer layer , 1999 .

[121]  Pavlov,et al.  Determination of the magnetic symmetry of hexagonal manganites by second harmonic generation , 2000, Physical review letters.

[122]  P. Wyder,et al.  Magnetoelectric properties of LiCoPO 4 and LiNiPO 4 , 2000 .

[123]  Coexistence of Superconductivity and Ferroelectricity:A Dynamical Symmetry Model , 2000, cond-mat/0008073.

[124]  T. Yoshimura,et al.  Characterization of ferroelectricity in metal/ferroelectric/insulator/semiconductor structure by pulsed C–V measurement; Ferroelectricity in YMnO3/Y2O3/Si structure , 2000 .

[125]  S. A. Patil,et al.  AC conductivity and magnetoelectric effect in CuFe1.6Cr0.4O4–BaTiO3 composite ceramics , 2000 .

[126]  A generalized Ginzburg-Landau approach to second harmonic generation , 1999, cond-mat/9910283.

[127]  Y. Tokura.  Colossal Magnetoresistive Oxides , 2000 .

[128]  Optical properties of the ferroelectromagnet YMnO 3 studied from first principles , 2001 .

[129]  I. A. Kornev,et al.  Theory of magnetoelectric effects at microwave frequencies in a piezoelectric/magnetostrictive multilayer composite , 2001 .

[130]  Gopalan Srinivasan,et al.  Magnetoelectric bilayer and multilayer structures of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric oxides , 2001 .

[131]  Electrodynamics of nearly ferroelectric superconductors , 2001, cond-mat/0506458.

[132]  A sequence of two ferrotoroidal phase transitions in nickel-bromine boracite Ni3B7O13Br , 2001 .

[133]  Ichiro Takeuchi,et al.  Multimode quantitative scanning microwave microscopy of in situ grown epitaxial Ba1−xSrxTiO3 composition spreads , 2001 .

[134]  B. V. Aken.  Structural response to electronic transitions in hexagonal and ortho-manganites , 2001 .

[135]  A. V. Carazo,et al.  Effect of the Magnetostrictive Layer on Magnetoelectric Properties in Lead Zirconate Titanate/Terfenol‐D Laminate Composites , 2001 .

[136]  R. D. Groot,et al.  Asymmetry of electron and hole doping in YMnO3 , 2001 .

[137]  Y. Tanabe,et al.  Second-harmonic-generation spectra of the hexagonal manganites RMnO3 , 2001 .

[138]  Studies on structural, dielectric and magnetoelectric properties in CuFe1.8Cr0.2O4– Pb(Mg1/3V2/3)O3 composites , 2001 .

[139]  Hans Schmid,et al.  On ferrotoroidics and electrotoroidic, magnetotoroidic and piezotoroidic effects* , 2001 .

[140]  Jungho Ryu,et al.  Piezoelectric and Magnetoelectric Properties of Lead Zirconate Titanate/Ni-Ferrite Particulate Composites , 2001 .

[141]  C. Nan,et al.  Calculations of giant magnetoelectric effects in ferroic composites of rare-earth-iron alloys and ferroelectric polymers , 2001 .

[142]  A. V. Carazo,et al.  Magnetoelectric Properties in Piezoelectric and Magnetostrictive Laminate Composites , 2001 .

[143]  A. Figotin,et al.  Nonreciprocal magnetic photonic crystals. , 2001, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[144]  G. Nieuwenhuys,et al.  The magnetic susceptibility, specific heat and dielectric constant of hexagonal YMnO3, LuMnO3 and ScMnO3 , 2001 .

[145]  Aging effect on the ferroelectric property of YMnO3 thin film , 2001 .

[146]  H. Takagi,et al.  Dielectric and magnetic anomalies and spin frustration in hexagonal R MnO 3 ( R = Y , Yb, and Lu) , 2001 .

[147]  C. Nan,et al.  Possible giant magnetoelectric effect of ferromagnetic rare-earth–iron-alloys-filled ferroelectric polymers , 2001 .

[148]  M. T. Casais,et al.  Evolution of the Magnetic Structure of Hexagonal HoMnO3 from Neutron Powder Diffraction Data , 2001 .

[149]  V. Mathe,et al.  Role of sintering on magneto-electric effect in CuFe1.8Cr0.2O4–Ba0.8Pb0.2Ti0.8Zr0.2O3 composite ceramics , 2001 .

[150]  Jungho Ryu,et al.  Magnetoelectric Effect in Composites of Magnetostrictive and Piezoelectric Materials , 2002 .

[151]  C. Daul,et al.  First Principles Search for Multiferroism in BiCrO3 , 2002 .

[152]  D. Vaknin,et al.  Weakly coupled antiferromagnetic planes in single-crystal LiCoPO4 , 2002 .

[153]  A. Kirilyuk.  Nonlinear optics in application to magnetic surfaces and thin films , 2002 .

[154]  N. Iwata,et al.  Magnetic Ordering of Rare Earth Ions and Magnetic-Electric Interaction of Hexagonal RMnO3 (R=Ho, Er, Yb or Lu) , 2002 .

[155]  M. Fiebig,et al.  Interaction of frustrated magnetic sublattices in ErMnO3. , 2001, Physical review letters.

[156]  Investigation of magnetic structure evolution in the substitutional solid solution ScxLu(1-x)MnO3 , 2002 .

[157]  M. Wuttig,et al.  Magnetoelectric coupling in Terfenol-D/polyvinylidenedifluoride composites , 2002 .

[158]  V. Laletin,et al.  Magnetoelectric Effects in Composites of Nickel Ferrite and Barium Lead Zirconate Titanate , 2002 .

[159]  Th. Lonkai,et al.  The magnetic structures of YMnO3-δ and HoMnO3 , 2002 .

[160]  M. Fiebig,et al.  Observation of coupled magnetic and electric domains , 2002, Nature.

[161]  Preparation and orientation control of RMnO3 (R = Y, Yb) thin film by chemical solution deposition , 2002 .

[162]  A. Filippetti,et al.  Why are there any magnetic ferroelectrics , 2002 .

[163]  Burkard Hillebrands,et al.  Spin Dynamics in Confined Magnetic Structures III , 2002 .

[164]  V. Palkar,et al.  Observation of saturated polarization and dielectric anomaly in magnetoelectric BiFeO3 thin films , 2002 .

[165]  C. Nan,et al.  A three-phase magnetoelectric composite of piezoelectric ceramics, rare-earth iron alloys, and polymer , 2002 .

[166]  Mirza I. Bichurin,et al.  Magnetic and magnetoelectric susceptibilities of a ferroelectric/ferromagnetic composite at microwave frequencies , 2002 .

[167]  G. Srinivasan,et al.  Magnetoelectric effects in bilayers and multilayers of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric perovskite oxides , 2002 .

[168]  Yiu-Wing Mai,et al.  Crack tip field in piezoelectric/piezomagnetic media , 2003 .

[169]  Y. Tokura,et al.  Magnetic control of ferroelectric polarization , 2003, Nature.

[170]  S. Dong,et al.  Enhanced magnetoelectric effects in laminate composites of Terfenol-D/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 under resonant drive , 2003 .

[171]  V. M. Edelstein.  Triplet superconductivity and magnetoelectric effect near the s-wave-superconductor normal-metal interface caused by local breaking of mirror symmetry , 2003 .

[172]  A. Goltsev,et al.  Structure and interaction of antiferromagnetic domain walls in hexagonal YMnO3. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[173]  Domain Wall in Ferrotoroic Phase of Boracites , 2003 .

[174]  G. Srinivasan,et al.  Theory of low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling in magnetostrictive-piezoelectric bilayers , 2003, cond-mat/0307264.

[175]  C. Choy,et al.  Giant magnetoelectric effect of a hybrid of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric composites , 2003 .

[176]  Shuxiang Dong,et al.  Longitudinal and transverse magnetoelectric voltage coefficients of magnetostrictive/piezoelectric laminate composite: theory , 2003, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control.

[177]  I Vitebskiy,et al.  Oblique frozen modes in periodic layered media. , 2003, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[178]  Preparation of (Y, Yb)MnO3/Y2O3/Si (MFIS) structure by chemical solution deposition method , 2003 .

[179]  A. V. Rao,et al.  Dielectric behaviour and magnetoelectric effect in copper-cobalt ferrite + barium lead titanate composites , 2003 .

[180]  Yuanhua Lin,et al.  Dielectric behavior and magnetoelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate/Co-ferrite particulate composites , 2003 .

[181]  M. Okuyama,et al.  Prominent ferroelectricity of BiFeO3 thin films prepared by pulsed-laser deposition , 2003 .

[182]  Elbio Dagotto,et al.  Nanoscale Phase Separation and Colossal Magnetoresistance , 2003 .

[183]  V. Mathe,et al.  Electrical properties and magnetoelectric effect in Ni0.75Co0.25Fe2O4+Ba0.8Pb0.2TiO3 composites , 2003 .

[184]  Ning Cai,et al.  Dielectric, ferroelectric, magnetic, and magnetoelectric properties of multiferroic laminated composites , 2003 .

[185]  T. Yoshimura,et al.  Ferromagnetic and ferroelectric behaviors of A-site substituted YMnO3-based epitaxial thin films , 2003 .

[186]  G. Srinivasan,et al.  Resonance magnetoelectric effects in layered magnetostrictive-piezoelectric composites , 2003, cond-mat/0306513.

[187]  M. Fiebig,et al.  Spin-rotation phenomena and magnetic phase diagrams of hexagonal RMnO3 , 2003 .

[188]  Low frequency and microwave magnetoelectric effects in thick film heterostructures of lithium zinc ferrite and lead zirconate titanate , 2003, cond-mat/0308171.

[189]  C. Nan,et al.  Coupled magnetic–electric properties and critical behavior in multiferroic particulate composites , 2003 .

[190]  T. Yoshimura,et al.  Ferroelectric properties of YMnO3 epitaxial films for ferroelectric-gate field-effect transistors , 2003 .

[191]  Dynamics of Domain Wall in Ferrotoroic Phase of Boracites , 2003 .

[192]  Akhlesh Lakhtakia,et al.  Introduction to Complex Mediums for Optics and Electromagnetics , 2003 .

[193]  S. Dong,et al.  Ultrahigh magnetic field sensitivity in laminates of TERFENOL-D and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 crystals , 2003 .

[194]  G. Srinivasan,et al.  Magnetoelectric effects in ferrite-lead zirconate titanate layered composites: The influence of zinc substitution in ferrites , 2003 .

[195]  Ferroelectric Properties of (Y,Yb)MnO3 Thin Films Prepared Using Alkoxide Solutions , 2003 .

[196]  LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Clamping of ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic order parameters of YMnO3 , 2003 .

[197]  R. Ramesh,et al.  Epitaxial BiFeO3 Multiferroic Thin Film Heterostructures , 2003, Science.

[198]  Yuanhua Lin,et al.  Influence of interfacial bonding on giant magnetoelectric response of multiferroic laminated composites of Tb1−xDyxFe2 and PbZrxTi1−xO3 , 2003 .

[199]  S. Dong,et al.  Circumferentially magnetized and circumferentially polarized magnetostrictive/piezoelectric laminated rings , 2004 .

[200]  M. Fiebig,et al.  Magnetic phase control by an electric field , 2004, Nature.

[201]  Xiaoqing Pan,et al.  Bismuth manganite: A multiferroic with a large nonlinear optical response , 2004 .

[202]  G. Srinivasan,et al.  Giant magnetoelectric effect in composite materials in the region of electromechanical resonance , 2004 .

[203]  Influence of magnetic on ferroelectric ordering in LuMnO3 , 2004, cond-mat/0402465.

[204]  S. Dong,et al.  Characterization of magnetoelectric laminate composites operated in longitudinal-transverse and transverse–transverse modes , 2004 .

[205]  Magnetic Photonic Crystals as Artificial Magnetoelectrics , 2004 .

[206]  Gopalan Srinivasan,et al.  Magnetoelectric response of a multilayer ferrite-piezoelectric structure to magnetic field pulses , 2004 .

[207]  D. Filippov.  Theory of magnetoelectric effect in ferrite-piezoelectric hybrid composites , 2004 .

[208]  Magnetoelectric Effects in Ferromagnetic and Piezoelectric Multilayer Composites , 2004, cond-mat/0401641.

[209]  S. Dong,et al.  Vortex magnetic field sensor based on ring-type magnetoelectric laminate , 2004 .

[210]  V. Khrustalyov,et al.  Field-Induced Magnetic Phase Transitions in LiNiPO4 , 2004 .

[211]  C. Nan,et al.  Influence of mechanical boundary conditions and microstructural features on magnetoelectric behavior in a three-phase multiferroic particulate composite , 2004 .

[212]  S. Cheong,et al.  Structural anomalies and multiferroic behavior in magnetically frustrated TbMn2O5. , 2004, Physical review letters.

[213]  Nicola A. Spaldin,et al.  The origin of ferroelectricity in magnetoelectric YMnO3 , 2004, Nature materials.

[214]  S. Cheong,et al.  Electric polarization reversal and memory in a multiferroic material induced by magnetic fields , 2004, Nature.

[215]  Field-induced reentrant novel phase and a ferroelectric-magnetic order coupling in HoMnO3. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[216]  Weak Ferromagnetism in Magnetoelectrics LiCoPO4 and LiNiPO4 , 2003, cond-mat/0310156.

[217]  Commensurate-incommensurate magnetic phase transition in magnetoelectric single crystal LiNiPO(4). , 2004, Physical review letters.

[218]  D. Többens,et al.  Development of the high-temperature phase of hexagonal manganites , 2004 .

[219]  Masashi Kawasaki,et al.  Engineered Interface of Magnetic Oxides , 2004, Science.

[220]  R Ramesh,et al.  Multiferroic BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 Nanostructures , 2004, Science.

[221]  A. P. Pyatakov,et al.  Weak Ferromagnetism Discovery at Modulated Structure Destruction for BiFeO3 , 2004 .

[222]  Frequency dependence of magnetoelectric interactions in layered structures of ferromagnetic alloys and piezoelectric oxides , 2003, cond-mat/0307208.

[223]  Gopalan Srinivasan,et al.  Wide-band magnetoelectric characterization of a ferrite-piezoelectric multilayer using a pulsed magnetic field , 2004 .

[224]  Junling Wang,et al.  Dramatically enhanced polarization in (001), (101), and (111) BiFeO3 thin films due to epitiaxial-induced transitions , 2004 .

[225]  Y. Mai,et al.  Fracture of piezoelectromagnetic materials , 2004 .

[226]  G. Srinivasan,et al.  Resonant amplification of the magnetoelectric effect in ferrite-piezoelectric composites , 2004 .

[227]  Comparative Raman Scattering Study of Optical Excitations in the Magnetoelectrics LiNiPO4 and LiCoPO4 , 2004 .

[228]  T. Choi,et al.  Bi modification for low-temperature processing of YMnO3 thin films , 2004 .

[229]  Ning Cai,et al.  Large high-frequency magnetoelectric response in laminated composites of piezoelectric ceramics, rare-earth iron alloys and polymer , 2004 .

[230]  M. Fiebig,et al.  Magnetoelectric Behaviour of Domain Walls in Multiferroic HoMnO3 , 2004 .

[231]  Dwight D. Viehland,et al.  Voltage gain effect in a ring-type magnetoelectric laminate , 2004 .

[232]  M. Okuyama,et al.  Structural and multiferroic properties of BiFeO3 thin films at room temperature , 2004 .

[233]  Toroidal Surface Polaritons of an Insulator at the Contact with a Metal in a Constant Electric Field , 2004 .

[234]  Minoru Noda,et al.  Giant Ferroelectric Polarization Beyond 150 µC/cm2 in BiFeO3 Thin Film , 2004 .

[235]  Junling Wang,et al.  Epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films on Si , 2004 .

[236]  Y. Tokura,et al.  Control of the ferroelectric properties of Dy Mn 2 O 5 by magnetic fields , 2004 .

[237]  Structural and magnetoelectric properties of MFe2O4–PZT (M = Ni,Co) and Lax(Ca,Sr)1-xMnO3–PZT multilayer composites , 2003, cond-mat/0307309.

[238]  G. Carman,et al.  Magnetoelectric behavior of Terfenol-D composite and lead zirconate titanate ceramic laminates , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[239]  Y. Tokura,et al.  Ferroelectricity and giant magnetocapacitance in perovskite rare-earth manganites. , 2004, Physical review letters.

[240]  Modeling of Magnetoelectric Effects in Ferromagnetic/Piezoelectric Bulk Composites , 2004, cond-mat/0401645.

[241]  J. van den Brink,et al.  Bond- versus site-centred ordering and possible ferroelectricity in manganites , 2004, Nature materials.

[242]  G. Srinivasan,et al.  Microwave magnetoelectric effects in single crystal bilayers of yttrium iron garnet and lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate , 2004 .

[243]  Hans Schmid.  Some Supplementing Comments on the Proceedings of MEIPIC-5 , 2004 .

[244]  Yuanhua Lin,et al.  Coupled magnetodielectric properties of laminated PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3/NiFe2O4 ceramics , 2004 .

[245]  L. Bellaiche,et al.  Unusual phase transitions in ferroelectric nanodisks and nanorods , 2004, Nature.

[246]  B. Ziaie,et al.  Low frequency wireless powering of microsystems using piezoelectric–magnetostrictive laminate composites , 2004 .

[247]  M. Fiebig.  Magnetoelectric Interaction in Crystals Observed by Nonlinear Magneto-Optics , 2004 .

[248]  G. Srinivasan,et al.  Magnetoelectric interactions in hot-pressed nickel zinc ferrite and lead zirconante titanate composites , 2004 .

[249]  M. Fiebig,et al.  Magnetoelectric interaction phenomena in crystals , 2004 .

[250]  S. Mazumder,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of in situ grown magnetoelectric composites in the BaO-TiO-FeO-CoO system , 2004 .

[251]  C. Nan,et al.  Resonance magnetoelectric effect in bulk composites of lead zirconate titanate and nickel ferrite , 2004 .

[252]  N. Spaldin,et al.  Ab initio prediction of a multiferroic with large polarization and magnetization , 2004, cond-mat/0410268.

[253]  M. Fiebig,et al.  Second-harmonic generation as a tool for studying electronic and magnetic structures of crystals: review , 2005 .