A Hybrid Approach to Representation in the Janus Natural Language Processor

In BBN's natural language understanding and generation system (Janus), we have used a hybrid approach to representation, employing an intensional logic for the representation of the semantics of utterances and a taxonomic language with formal semantics for specification of descriptive constants and axioms relating them. Remarkably, 99.9% of 7,000 vocabulary items in our natural language applications could be adequately axiomatized in the taxonomic language.

[1]  Paul Procter,et al.  Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English , 1978 .

[2]  Damaris M. Ayuso.  Discourse Entities in Janus , 1989, ACL.

[3]  Bonnie L. Webber,et al.  Knowledge Representation for Syntactic/Semantic Processing , 1980, AAAI.

[4]  Mark H. Burstein,et al.  The KREME Knowledge Editing Environment , 1987, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[5]  Ronald J. Brachman,et al.  Proceedings of the 1981 KL-ONE Workshop, , 1982 .

[6]  Norman K. Sondheimer,et al.  Semantic Interpretation Using KL-ONE , 1984, ACL.

[7]  Bernhard Nebel,et al.  A Logical-Form and Knowledge-Base Design for Natural Language Generation , 1986, HLT.

[8]  James G. Schmolze,et al.  Classification in the KL-ONE Knowledge Representation System , 1983, IJCAI.

[9]  Ralph M. Weischedel,et al.  Portability in the Janus Natural Language Interface , 1989, HLT.

[10]  Remko Scha,et al.  Multi-Level Plurals and Distributivity , 1988, ACL.

[11]  Charles Rich.  Knowledge Representation Languages and Predicate Calculus: How to Have Your Cake and Eat It Too , 1982, AAAI.

[12]  G. Lakoff,et al.  Metaphors We Live by , 1982 .

[13]  R.M. Weischedel,et al.  Knowledge representation and natural language processing , 1986, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[14]  Ralph Weischedel,et al.  A Guide to IRUS-II Application Development , 1989 .

[15]  Ralph M. Weischedel,et al.  An Environment for Acquiring Semantic Information , 1987, ACL.

[16]  Hector J. Levesque,et al.  An Essential Hybrid Reasoning System: Knowledge and Symbol Level Accounts of KRYPTON , 1985, IJCAI.

[17]  Marc B. Vilain,et al.  The Restricted Language Architecture of a Hybrid Representation System , 1985, IJCAI.

[18]  Ralph Weischedel,et al.  Research and Development in Natural Language Understanding as Part of the Strategic Computing Program , 1987 .

[19]  Gregory Norman Carlson,et al.  Reference to kinds in English , 1977 .

[20]  Timothy W. Finin.  The Semantic Interpretation of Nominal Compounds , 1980, AAAI.

[21]  Ronald C. Shank,et al.  Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing , 1975 .

[22]  Ronald J. Brachman,et al.  An Overview of the KL-ONE Knowledge Representation System , 1985, Cogn. Sci..

[23]  Richard Montague,et al.  The Proper Treatment of Quantification in Ordinary English , 1973 .

[24]  David A. McAllester,et al.  Reasoning Utility Package User's Manual, Version One , 1982 .