Technical losses assessment of reference networks in Malaysia

Detailed modelling of distribution networks for a large geographical area is a very challenging task driven by different consumer demographic segmentation across the areas. The development of Reference Networks (RN) has facilitated the analyses of network performance for specific network types. In Malaysia, the development of the RN is still in its early stage. In this regard, this paper analysed six RNs in Malaysia from a set of Malaysian RN networks characteristic obtained from literature. These six RNs comprise MV networks from two types of voltage transformation, namely 132/11kV direct voltage transformation and the conventional 132/33/11kV voltage transformation. Three different network types were considered in the respective MV networks namely urban, semi-urban and rural networks. The network performance in terms of detailed losses breakdown for each RN was analysed. The findings suggest that the MV network with direct transformation generally had lower network losses. In addition, rural network with long 11kV feeders was the main culprit that contributed to higher network losses.