Flow attachment to solid surfaces: The Coanda effect

The phenomenon of flow attachment to solid surfaces, occurring with both liquids and gases, is the long-known though inadequately understood Coanda effect. A flow visualization study was made using a birefringent milling yellow dye solutions flowing over a deflection surface consisting of flat plates. A two-dimensional flow channel with transparent side walls was used. Photographic observations of the development of the Coanda effect reveal the method of flow attachment and confirm a number of literature predictions. One of the most interesting of these phenomena is the existence of a well defined mixing region along the deflection surface. A simplified model of the flow field has been proposed in order to described the mechanism governing the Coanda effect. The model is supported by experimental data consisting of pressure profiles obtained along the deflection surface and secondary flow entrainment measurements.