UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Gamma-Ray Burst afterglows

▪ Abstract The discovery of counterparts in X-ray and optical to radio wavelengths has revolutionized the study of γ-ray bursts, until recently the most enigmatic of astrophysical phenomena. We now...

[1]  M. Livio,et al.  Nucleosynthesis, neutrino bursts and γ-rays from coalescing neutron stars , 1989, Nature.

[2]  C. Dermer,et al.  Short-Timescale Variability in the External Shock Model of Gamma-Ray Bursts , 1998, astro-ph/9809411.

[3]  S. Djorgovski,et al.  The afterglow, redshift and extreme energetics of the γ-ray burst of 23 January 1999 , 1999, Nature.

[4]  Universities Space Research Association,et al.  On the Association of Gamma-Ray Bursts with Supernovae , 1998, astro-ph/9806364.

[5]  H. Lee Issues in the Blandford-Znajek Process for GRB Inner Engine , 2002 .

[6]  C. Kouveliotou,et al.  Transient optical emission from the error box of the γ-ray burst of 28 February 1997 , 1997, Nature.

[7]  E. Ofek,et al.  The effect of magnetic fields on γ-ray bursts inferred from multi-wavelength observations of the burst of 23 January 1999 , 1999, Nature.

[8]  G. Gisler,et al.  Observation of contemporaneous optical radiation from a γ-ray burst , 1999, Nature.

[9]  C. Kouveliotou,et al.  Identification of two classes of gamma-ray bursts , 1993 .

[10]  G. Gisler,et al.  Evidence for TeV Emission from GRB 970417a , 2000 .

[11]  Martin J. Rees,et al.  Gamma-ray bursts and the structure of the Galactic halo , 1995 .

[12]  R. Wijers,et al.  Issues Regarding the Blandford-Znajek Process as a Gamma-Ray Burst Inner Engine , 1999, astro-ph/9911401.

[13]  Usra,et al.  The intensity distribution of faint gamma-ray bursts detected with BATSE , 1998, astro-ph/9809300.

[14]  G. Rybicki,et al.  Radiative processes in astrophysics , 1979 .

[15]  M. Rees,et al.  A qualitative study of cosmic fireballs and γ-ray bursts , 1978 .

[16]  L. Wang,et al.  Aspherical Explosion Models for SN 1998bw/GRB 980425 , 1998, astro-ph/9808086.

[17]  R. Jager,et al.  Wide field cameras for SAX , 1993 .

[18]  A. Mészáros Dynamical Evolution, Light Curves, and Spectra of Spherical and Collimated Gamma-Ray Burst Remnants , 1998, astro-ph/9806016.

[19]  Gamma-ray bursts and the fireball model , 1998, astro-ph/9810256.

[20]  R. C. Butler,et al.  BeppoSAX, the wide band mission for X-ray astronomy , 1997 .

[21]  Chris L. Fryer,et al.  To be submitted to The Astrophysical Journal Formation Rates of Black Hole Accretion Disk Gamma-Ray Bursts , 1999 .

[22]  E. Fenimore,et al.  Evidence for cyclotron absorption from spectral features in gamma-ray bursts seen with Ginga , 1988, Nature.

[23]  S. Djorgovski,et al.  Identification of a host galaxy at redshift z = 3.42 for the γ-ray burst of 14 December 1997 , 1998, Nature.

[24]  T. Piran,et al.  New Evidence for the Cosmological Origin of Gamma-Ray Bursts , 1994, astro-ph/9605025.

[25]  Hjorth,et al.  Polarimetric constraints on the optical afterglow emission from GRB 990123 , 1999, Science.

[26]  E. Ramirez-Ruiz,et al.  GRB 990123: Evidence that the Gamma Rays Come from a Central Engine , 1999, astro-ph/9902007.

[27]  M. Rees,et al.  Compton-dragged Gamma-Ray Bursts Associated with Supernovae , 1999, The Astrophysical journal.

[28]  E. Fenimore,et al.  Two probable optical flashes from gamma-ray bursters , 1984 .

[29]  Yu. A. Gur'yan,et al.  Cyclotron and annihilation lines in γ-ray bursts , 1981, Nature.

[30]  J. P. Norris,et al.  Connection between Energy-dependent Lags and Peak Luminosity in Gamma-Ray Bursts , 1999, astro-ph/9903233.

[31]  P. Vreeswijk,et al.  A hypernova model for the supernova associated with the γ-ray burst of 25 April 1998 , 1998, Nature.

[32]  A. Achterberg,et al.  Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray acceleration by relativistic blast waves , 1998, astro-ph/9812316.

[33]  Abraham Loeb,et al.  Generation of Magnetic Fields in the Relativistic Shock of Gamma-Ray Burst Sources , 1999, astro-ph/9904363.

[34]  C. Kouveliotou,et al.  Spatial distribution of γ-ray bursts observed by BATSE , 1992, Nature.

[35]  M. Rees,et al.  Viewing Angle and Environment Effects in Gamma-Ray Bursts: Sources of Afterglow Diversity , 1997, astro-ph/9709273.

[36]  T. Piran,et al.  Can Internal Shocks Produce the Variability in Gamma-Ray Bursts? , 1997, astro-ph/9705013.

[37]  Starr,et al.  Interplanetary Network Localization of GRB 991208 and the Discovery of its Afterglow , 2000, The Astrophysical journal.

[38]  M. Feroci,et al.  BVRcIc photometry of GRB 970508 optical remnant: May-August, 1997 , 1998, astro-ph/9802341.

[39]  N. Masetti,et al.  The Discovery and Broadband Follow-up of the Transient Afterglow of GRB 980703 , 1998 .

[40]  Eli Waxman Angular Size and Emission Timescales of Relativistic Fireballs , 1997 .

[41]  J. M. Rodríguez Espinosa,et al.  Evidence for Diverse Optical Emission from Gamma-Ray Burst Sources , 1997, astro-ph/9710322.

[42]  D. Reichart GRB 970228 Revisited: Evidence for a Supernova in the Light Curve and Late Spectral Energy Distribution of the Afterglow , 1999, astro-ph/9906079.

[43]  Tucson,et al.  Power-Law Decays in the Optical Counterparts of GRB 970228 and GRB 970508 , 1997, astro-ph/9710346.

[44]  C. Kouveliotou,et al.  Are Abell Clusters Correlated with Gamma-Ray Bursts? , 1997, astro-ph/9702192.

[45]  M. Feroci,et al.  The Host Galaxy of GRB 990123 , 1999 .

[46]  M. Hernanz,et al.  Gamma-ray bursts as collimated jets from neutron star/black hole mergers , 1993, Nature.

[47]  M. Rees,et al.  Steep Slopes and Preferred Breaks in Gamma-Ray Burst Spectra: The Role of Photospheres and Comptonization , 1999 .

[48]  J. Bloom,et al.  The host to gamma-ray burst 970508: a distant dwarf galaxy? , 1997 .

[49]  Cambridge,et al.  Extracting Energy from Black Holes: The Relative Importance of the Blandford-Znajek Mechanism , 1998, astro-ph/9809093.

[50]  Joshua S. Bloom,et al.  Gamma-ray bursts from stellar remnants - Probing the universe at high redshift , 1998 .

[51]  N. Gehrels,et al.  Real-Time Optical Flux Limits from Gamma-Ray Bursts Measured by the Gamma-Ray Optical Counterpart Search Experiment , 1997, astro-ph/9702240.

[52]  Radio Monitoring of the 1997 January 11 Gamma-Ray Burst , 1997, astro-ph/9704180.

[53]  Jonathan Granot,et al.  Images and spectra from the interior of a relativistic fireball , 1999 .

[54]  R. Blandford,et al.  Fluid dynamics of relativistic blast waves , 1976 .

[55]  N. Gehrels,et al.  Results from Gamma-Ray Optical Counterpart Search Experiment: A Real Time Search for Gamma-Ray Burst Optical Counterparts , 1997 .

[56]  R. Blandford,et al.  Electromagnetic extraction of energy from Kerr black holes , 1977 .

[57]  V. Connaughton,et al.  Evidence for an Early High-Energy Afterglow Observed with BATSE from GRB 980923 , 1999, astro-ph/9908139.

[58]  B. Schaefer Gamma-ray burster counterparts - Archival data , 1990 .

[59]  S. Djorgovski,et al.  The afterglow, the redshift, and the extreme energetics of the gamma-ray burst 990123 , 1999, astro-ph/9902272.

[60]  M. Feroci,et al.  BeppoSAX detection and follow-up of GRB 980425 , 1999, astro-ph/9903113.

[61]  N. Gehrels,et al.  The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory , 1991, Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference.

[62]  M. Rees,et al.  Shocked by GRB 970228: the afterglow of a cosmological fireball , 1997, astro-ph/9704153.

[63]  G. Taylor The formation of a blast wave by a very intense explosion I. Theoretical discussion , 1950, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[64]  Joshua S. Bloom,et al.  Determination of Distance from Time Dilation of Cosmological Gamma-Ray Bursts , 1995 .

[65]  Lifan Wang,et al.  The supernova-gamma-ray burst connection , 1998, astro-ph/9806212.

[66]  M. Rees,et al.  Relativistic fireballs: energy conversion and time-scales , 1992 .

[67]  A. Achterberg,et al.  Particle acceleration at ultra-relativistic shocks - Gamma-ray burst afterglow spectra and UHECRs , 1999 .

[68]  M. Rees,et al.  Optical and Long-Wavelength Afterglow from Gamma-Ray Bursts , 1996, astro-ph/9606043.

[69]  E. Waxman γ-Ray Burst Afterglow: Confirming the Cosmological Fireball Model , 1997, astro-ph/9705229.

[70]  O. Williams,et al.  Observations of GRB 990123 by the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory , 1999, astro-ph/9903247.

[71]  Shrinivas R. Kulkarni,et al.  Radio counterpart searches of gamma ray bursts , 1995 .

[72]  G. J. Hueter,et al.  The X-Ray Characteristics of a Classical Gamma-Ray Burst and Its Afterglow , 1998, astro-ph/9802055.

[73]  Jonathan Granot,et al.  Synchrotron Self-Absorption in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow , 1998, astro-ph/9808007.

[74]  H. Lee,et al.  The Blandford-Znajek process as a central engine for a gamma-ray burst , 1999, astro-ph/9906213.

[75]  Li-Xin Li Toy model for the Blandford-Znajek mechanism , 1999, astro-ph/9902352.

[76]  Luminosities and Space Densities of Gamma-Ray Bursts , 1999, astro-ph/9908206.

[77]  M. Feroci,et al.  The energetic afterglow of the γ-ray burst of 14 December 1997 , 1998, Nature.

[78]  Cambridge,et al.  The Radio-to-X-Ray Spectrum of GRB 970508 on 1997 May 21.0 UT , 1998, astro-ph/9804191.

[79]  Luciano Nicastro,et al.  In-flight performances of the BeppoSAX gamma-ray burst monitor , 1997, Optics & Photonics.

[80]  Pawan Kumar Gamma-Ray Burst Energetics , 1999 .

[81]  S. Bergh,et al.  Galactic and extragalactic super-novae rates , 1991 .

[82]  C. Kouveliotou,et al.  The intrinsic luminosity of γ-ray bursts and their host galaxies , 1993, Nature.

[83]  T. Totani Cosmological Gamma-Ray Bursts and Evolution of Galaxies , 1997, astro-ph/9707051.

[84]  T. Piran,et al.  The Synchrotron Spectrum of Fast Cooling Electrons Revisited , 2000, The Astrophysical journal.

[85]  C. Meegan,et al.  New limits on gamma-ray bursts , 1978 .

[86]  E. Fenimore,et al.  Interpretations of multiple absorption features in a gamma-ray burst spectrum , 1988 .

[87]  B. Paczyński Are Gamma-Ray Bursts in Star-Forming Regions? , 1997, astro-ph/9710086.

[88]  California Institute of Technology,et al.  Gamma-Ray Bursts and the Cosmic Star Formation Rate , 1998, astro-ph/9807117.

[89]  J. Chiang,et al.  The External Shock Model of Gamma-Ray Bursts: Three Predictions and a Paradox Resolved , 1999, astro-ph/9902306.

[90]  J. Brainerd Gamma-ray bursts in the galactic halo , 1992, Nature.

[91]  S. Colgate Prompt gamma rays and X rays from supernovae , 1968 .

[92]  J. Chiang,et al.  Synchrotron and Synchrotron Self-Compton Emission and the Blast-Wave Model of Gamma-Ray Bursts , 1998, astro-ph/9803339.

[93]  Zhi-Yun Li,et al.  Gamma-Ray Burst Environments and Progenitors , 1999, astro-ph/9904417.

[94]  S. Woosley Gamma-ray bursts from stellar mass accretion disks around black holes , 1993 .

[95]  J. Rhoads,et al.  Radio Transients from Gamma-Ray Bursters , 1993, astro-ph/9307024.

[96]  T. Piran,et al.  Spectra and Light Curves of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows , 1997, astro-ph/9712005.

[97]  Gamma-Ray Bursts from High-Velocity Neutron Stars , 1998 .

[98]  C. Kouveliotou,et al.  DETECTION OF SIGNATURE CONSISTENT WITH COSMOLOGICAL TIME DILATION IN GAMMA-RAY BURSTS , 1993, astro-ph/9312049.

[99]  M. Livio,et al.  The optical counterpart to γ-ray burst GRB970228 observed using the Hubble Space Telescope , 1997, Nature.

[100]  M. Boettcher,et al.  GRB 990123: The Case for Saturated Comptonization , 1999, astro-ph/9903438.

[101]  J. Rhoads The Dynamics and Light Curves of Beamed Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows , 1999, astro-ph/9903399.

[102]  W. S. Paciesas,et al.  The Synchrotron Shock Model Confronts a "Line of Death" in the BATSE Gamma-Ray Burst Data , 1998 .

[103]  M. Feroci,et al.  The X-Ray Afterglow of the Gamma-Ray Burst of 1997 May 8:Spectral Variability and Possible Evidence of an Iron Line , 1999, astro-ph/9902013.

[104]  W. Schmidt Distance limit for a class of model γ-ray burst sources , 1978, Nature.

[105]  Donald Q. Lamb,et al.  Gamma-Ray Bursts as a Probe of the Very High Redshift Universe , 2000 .

[106]  T. Piran,et al.  Fluid Dynamics of Semiradiative Blast Waves , 1998, astro-ph/9803258.

[107]  Tsvi Piran,et al.  Energetics and Luminosity Function of Gamma-Ray Bursts , 1999 .

[108]  R. Hudec,et al.  Ground-based optical CCD experiments for GRB and optical transient detection , 1995 .

[109]  B. Paczyński Gamma-ray bursters at cosmological distances , 1986 .

[110]  Davide Lazzati,et al.  Polarization light curves and position angle variation of beamed gamma-ray bursts , 1999, astro-ph/9906471.

[111]  M. Rees,et al.  Gamma-Ray Bursts: Multiwaveband Spectral Predictions for Blast Wave Models , 1993, astro-ph/9309011.

[112]  S. Colgate Early gamma rays from supernovae , 1974 .

[113]  J. Katz TWO POPULATIONS AND MODELS OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS , 1992, astro-ph/9212006.

[114]  R. Svensson,et al.  TWELVE HUNDRED NON-TRIGGERED GAMMA RAY BURSTS , 1999 .

[115]  S. Djorgovski,et al.  The Host Galaxy of GRB 970508 , 1998, astro-ph/9807315.

[116]  Cambridge,et al.  Energetics and beaming of gamma ray burst triggers , 1998, astro-ph/9808106.

[117]  A. Dar,et al.  Neutrino annihilation in type II supernovae , 1987 .

[118]  David W. Hogg Andrew S. Fruchter Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Preprint typeset using L ATEX style emulateapj v. 04/03/99 THE FAINT-GALAXY HOSTS OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS , 1999 .

[119]  M. Feroci,et al.  Discovery of a Radio Flare from GRB 990123 , 1999, astro-ph/9903441.

[120]  J. Bloom,et al.  The Spatial Distribution of Coalescing Neutron Star Binaries , 1998, astro-ph/9805222.

[121]  R. Preece,et al.  Using BATSE Observations to Test the Compton Attenuation Spectral Theory of Cosmological Gamma-Ray Bursts , 1998 .

[122]  D. J. Helfand,et al.  Optical afterglow of the γ-ray burst of 14 December 1997 , 1998, Nature.

[123]  Ray W. Klebesadel,et al.  Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts of Cosmic Origin , 1973 .

[124]  D. Frail,et al.  Position and parallax of the γ-ray burst of 8 May 1997 , 1997, Nature.

[125]  C. Kouveliotou,et al.  The Fourth BATSE Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog (Revised) , 1999, astro-ph/9903205.

[126]  I. Mitrofanov,et al.  On the astronomical nature of the sources of gamma-ray bursts. , 1985 .

[127]  D. Frail,et al.  Radio emission from the unusual supernova 1998bw and its association with the γ-ray burst of 25 April 1998 , 1998, Nature.

[128]  B. Paczyński Estimating redshifts for γ-ray bursts , 1992, Nature.

[129]  P. Mészáros,et al.  Spectral properties of blast-wave models of gamma-ray burst sources , 1993, astro-ph/9311071.

[130]  D. Frail,et al.  Expected Characteristics of the Subclass of Supernova Gamma-Ray Bursts , 1998, astro-ph/9807050.

[131]  Geoffrey N. Pendleton,et al.  BATSE Observations of the Large-Scale Isotropy of Gamma-Ray Bursts , 1995, astro-ph/9509078.

[132]  M. Rees,et al.  Unsteady outflow models for cosmological gamma-ray bursts , 1994, astro-ph/9404038.

[133]  S. Djorgovski,et al.  The unusual afterglow of the γ-ray burst of 26 March 1998 as evidence for a supernova connection , 1999, Nature.

[134]  M. Rees,et al.  GRB 990123: reverse and internal shock flashes and late afterglow behaviour , 1999 .

[135]  D. Frail,et al.  The radio afterglow from the γ-ray burst of 8 May 1997 , 1997, Nature.

[136]  Bohdan Paczynski HOW FAR AWAY ARE GAMMA-RAY BURSTERS? , 1992 .

[137]  A. MacFadyen,et al.  Collapsars: Gamma-Ray Bursts and Explosions in “Failed Supernovae” , 1998, astro-ph/9810274.

[138]  Z. Dai,et al.  A GENERIC DYNAMICAL MODEL OF GAMMA-RAY BURST REMNANTS , 1999, astro-ph/9906370.

[139]  T. Piran,et al.  GRB 990123: The Optical Flash and the Fireball Model , 1999, astro-ph/9902009.

[140]  C. Meegan,et al.  Constraints on galactic distributions of gamma-ray burst sources from BATSE observations , 1994 .

[141]  Amati,et al.  Integrating the BeppoSAX Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor into the Third Interplanetary Network , 1999, astro-ph/9907180.

[142]  L. Miller,et al.  Beams and Jets in Astrophysics: Introduction: synchrotron and inverse-Compton radiation , 1991 .

[143]  J. Poutanen,et al.  Gamma‐Ray Bursts: The First Three Minutes , 1999 .

[144]  M. Ruffert,et al.  GAMMA-RAY BURSTS FROM ACCRETING BLACK HOLES IN NEUTRON STAR MERGERS , 1998, astro-ph/9809280.

[145]  A. S. Fruchter,et al.  The fading optical counterpart of GRB 970228, 6 months and 1 year later , 1998 .

[146]  C. Otani,et al.  What did ASCA see in the GRB 970828 afterglow , 1999 .

[147]  Cambridge,et al.  Optical follow-up of GRB 970508 , 1998 .

[148]  THE FIRST X-RAY LOCALIZATION OF A GAMMA -RAY BURST BY BEPPOSAX AND ITS FAST SPECTRAL EVOLUTION , 1997, astro-ph/9707215.

[149]  M. I. Andersen,et al.  The Optical/IR Counterpart of the 1998 July 3 Gamma-Ray Burst and Its Evolution , 1998, astro-ph/9811455.

[150]  M. Rees,et al.  Gasdynamics of relativistically expanding gamma-ray burst sources : kinematics, energetics, magnetic fields, and efficiency , 1993, astro-ph/9301007.

[151]  Wijers,et al.  UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Physical parametres of GRB 970508 and GRB 971214 from their afterglow synchroton emission , 1999 .

[152]  P. Mészáros,et al.  Rings in Fireball Afterglows , 1997, astro-ph/9709284.

[153]  L. A. Antonelli,et al.  Discovery of an X-ray afterglow associated with the γ-ray burst of 28 February 1997 , 1997, Nature.

[154]  D. Q. Lamb,et al.  THE DISTANCE SCALE TO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS , 1995 .

[155]  et,et al.  Decay of the GRB 990123 optical afterglow: implications for the fireball model , 1999, Science.

[156]  P. Mészáros,et al.  Radiative Regimes in Gamma-Ray Bursts and Afterglows , 1997, astro-ph/9711339.

[157]  Brian P. Schmidt,et al.  SN 1997cy/GRB 970514: A New Piece in the Gamma-Ray Burst Puzzle? , 1999 .

[158]  M. Feroci,et al.  The optical counterpart to the γ-ray burst GRB970508 , 1997, Nature.

[159]  Gruzinov,et al.  Strongly Polarized Optical Afterglows of Gamma-Ray Bursts , 1999, The Astrophysical journal.

[160]  B. Schaefer Probable optical counterpart of a γ-ray burster , 1981, Nature.

[161]  Eli Waxman,et al.  Gamma-ray burst afterglow: Polarization and analytic light curves , 1999 .

[162]  Abraham Loeb,et al.  Microlensing of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows , 1997, astro-ph/9708159.

[163]  J J Condon Very large radio surveys of the sky. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[164]  T. Piran,et al.  Persistent Counterparts to Gamma-Ray Bursts , 1997 .

[165]  C. Steidel,et al.  Mg II absorption in the spectra of 103 QSOs : implications for the evolution of gas in high-redshift galaxies , 1992 .

[166]  T. Harrison,et al.  Directions for Future X-Ray, Optical, and Radio Follow-up Observations of Gamma-Ray Burst Counterparts , 1995 .

[167]  D. Hartmann,et al.  Gamma-ray bursts , 1995 .