Age-related changes in microarchitecture and mineralization of cancellous bone in the porcine mandibular condyle.

The mandibular condyle is considered a good model for developing cancellous bone because of its rapid growth and high rate of remodeling. The aim of the present study was to analyze the simultaneous changes in microarchitecture and mineralization of cancellous bone during development in a three-dimensional fashion. Eight mandibular condyles of pigs aged 8 weeks prepartum to 108 weeks postpartum were scanned using microCT with an isotropic spatial resolution of 10 microm. The number of trabeculae decreased during development, whereas both the trabecular thickness and the distance between the trabeculae increased. The bone surface to volume ratio decreased during development, possibly limiting the amount of (re)modeling. Both the mean degree of mineralization and intratrabecular differences in mineralization between the surfaces and cores of trabecular elements increased during development. The trabecular surfaces were more highly mineralized in the older condyles compared to the younger ones. Together with the observed decrease in the relative size of trabecular surface, this finding suggests a decrease in (re)modeling activity during development. In accordance with the general growth and development of the pig, it was concluded that most developmental changes in cancellous bone occur until the age of 40 weeks postpartum.

[1]  P. Fratzl,et al.  Structural development of the mineralized tissue in the human L4 vertebral body. , 2001, Journal of structural biology.

[2]  A. Boyde,et al.  Cancellous Bone Structure in the Growing and Aging Lumbar Spine in a Historic Nubian Population , 1997, Calcified Tissue International.

[3]  Stephen C Cowin,et al.  Tissue growth and remodeling. , 2004, Annual review of biomedical engineering.

[4]  P Rüegsegger,et al.  Micro-CT examinations of trabecular bone samples at different resolutions: 14, 7 and 2 micron level. , 1998, Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine.

[5]  J. H. Koolstra,et al.  Architecture and mineralization of developing cortical and trabecular bone of the mandible , 2005, Anatomy and Embryology.

[6]  R Huiskes,et al.  Increase in bone volume fraction precedes architectural adaptation in growing bone. , 2001, Bone.

[7]  A. Boskey,et al.  FTIR Microspectroscopic Analysis of Normal Human Cortical and Trabecular Bone , 1997, Calcified Tissue International.

[8]  P. Rüegsegger,et al.  A microtomographic system for the nondestructive evaluation of bone architecture , 2006, Calcified Tissue International.

[9]  T Dufresne,et al.  Segmentation techniques for analysis of bone by three-dimensional computed tomographic imaging. , 1998, Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine.

[10]  P Rüegsegger,et al.  Resolution dependency of microstructural properties of cancellous bone based on three-dimensional mu-tomography. , 1996, Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine.

[11]  S. Herring,et al.  Temporomandibular joint in miniature pigs: Anatomy, cell replication, and relation to loading , 2002, The Anatomical record.

[12]  G. Boivin.  Minéralisation et minéralité osseuses , 2003 .

[13]  S. Teng,et al.  A stereological study of trabecular architecture in the mandibular condyle of the pig. , 1995, Archives of oral biology.

[14]  F. Linde,et al.  Properties of growing trabecular ovine bone. Part I: mechanical and physical properties. , 2000, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[15]  G Boivin,et al.  Bone mineral density reflects bone mass but also the degree of mineralization of bone: therapeutic implications. , 1997, Bone.

[16]  M. Kleerekoper,et al.  Relationships between surface, volume, and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis. Implications for the microanatomic and cellular mechanisms of bone loss. , 1983, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[17]  R. J. Cornish,et al.  Trabecular structure of the condyle of the jaw joint in young and mature sheep: a comparative histomorphometric reference. , 2006, Archives of oral biology.

[18]  D. Burr,et al.  THe effects of suppressed bone remodeling by bisphosphonates on microdamage accumulation and degree of mineralization in the cortical bone of dog rib , 2009, Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism.

[19]  W. Sack,et al.  Prenatal Development of Domestic and Laboratory Mammals: Growth Curves, External Features and Selected References , 1973, Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe C: Anatomie, Histologie, Embryologie.

[20]  J. H. Koolstra,et al.  Architecture and mineralization of developing trabecular bone in the pig mandibular condyle. , 2005, The anatomical record. Part A, Discoveries in molecular, cellular, and evolutionary biology.

[21]  M Ding,et al.  Accuracy of cancellous bone volume fraction measured by micro-CT scanning. , 1999, Journal of biomechanics.

[22]  A. Miller,et al.  Changes in Cortical Bone Mineralization in the Developing Mandible: A Three‐Dimensional Quantitative Computed Tomography Study , 2000, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[23]  P. Rüegsegger,et al.  Direct Three‐Dimensional Morphometric Analysis of Human Cancellous Bone: Microstructural Data from Spine, Femur, Iliac Crest, and Calcaneus , 1999, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[24]  R. Huiskes,et al.  The influence of microcomputed tomography threshold variations on the assessment of structural and mechanical trabecular bone properties. , 2002, Bone.

[25]  F. Linde,et al.  Properties of growing trabecular ovine bone. Part II: architectural and mechanical properties. , 2000, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[26]  J H Koolstra,et al.  Accuracy of microCT in the quantitative determination of the degree and distribution of mineralization in developing bone , 2006, Acta radiologica.

[27]  S. Weiner,et al.  Microstructure-microhardness relations in parallel-fibered and lamellar bone. , 1996, Bone.

[28]  F. Linde,et al.  PART II: ARCHITECTURAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES , 2000 .

[29]  A Odgaard,et al.  Three-dimensional methods for quantification of cancellous bone architecture. , 1997, Bone.

[30]  R. Byard,et al.  Quantitative histomorphometric analysis of the human growth plate from birth to adolescence. , 2000, Bone.