Hybrid precoding for millimeter wave systems with a constraint on user electromagnetic radiation exposure

The rapid growth of wireless technology worldwide has prompted interest in the underutilized millimeter-wave band from 30 to 100 GHz. Regulation agencies set limits on the amount of electromagnetic radiation absorbed by users, measuring dosimetric quantities such as specific absorption rate (SAR) to assess compliance. The increased rate of energy deposition in human tissue at high frequencies remains a growing concern as wireless cellular networks begin to incorporate millimeter wave technologies. In this paper, we present a baseband model for SAR-aware wireless communication and a strategy for optimal hybrid precoding in millimeter wave systems with SAR constraints.

[1]  Robert W. Heath,et al.  Low complexity precoding for large millimeter wave MIMO systems , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[2]  David James Love,et al.  SAR codes , 2013, 2013 Information Theory and Applications Workshop (ITA).

[3]  James C. Lin.  Specific absorption rates induced in head tissues by microwave radiation from cell phones , 2001 .

[4]  Daniel Pérez Palomar,et al.  Practical algorithms for a family of waterfilling solutions , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[5]  Raed A. Abd-Alhameed,et al.  SAR reduction for handset with two-element phased array antenna computed using hybrid MoM/FDTD technique , 1999 .

[6]  Robert W. Heath,et al.  The capacity optimality of beam steering in large millimeter wave MIMO systems , 2012, 2012 IEEE 13th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC).

[7]  Dawei Ying,et al.  Closed-Loop Precoding and Capacity Analysis for Multiple-Antenna Wireless Systems With User Radiation Exposure Constraints , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[8]  D Mukherjee,et al.  Head circumference reference data: birth to 18 years. , 1987, Pediatrics.

[9]  Theodore S. Rappaport,et al.  Safe for Generations to Come: Considerations of Safety for Millimeter Waves in Wireless Communications , 2015, IEEE Microwave Magazine.

[10]  Zhouyue Pi,et al.  An introduction to millimeter-wave mobile broadband systems , 2011, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[11]  Bertrand M. Hochwald,et al.  Beamformer optimization with a constraint on user electromagnetic radiation exposure , 2013, 2013 47th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS).

[12]  David James Love,et al.  Incorporating specific absorption rate constraints into wireless signal design , 2014, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[13]  E. H. Linfoot.  Principles of Optics , 1961 .

[14]  O. Gandhi,et al.  Absorption of Millimeter Waves by Human Beings and its Biological Implications , 1986 .

[15]  David James Love,et al.  Minimizing exposure to electromagnetic radiation in portable devices , 2012, 2012 Information Theory and Applications Workshop.

[16]  Laurent Le Coq,et al.  Characterization of the Interactions Between a 60-GHz Antenna and the Human Body in an Off-Body Scenario , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[17]  Dawei Ying,et al.  Transmit covariance optimization with a constraint on user electromagnetic radiation exposure , 2013, 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM).

[18]  Ronan Sauleau,et al.  Millimeter-wave interactions with the human body: state of knowledge and recent advances , 2011, International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies.