Technologies du Web Sémantique pour l’Entreprise 2.0

Les travaux presentes dans cette these proposent differentes methodes, reflexions et realisations associant Web 2.0 et Web Semantique. Apres avoir introduit ces deux notions, nous presentons les limites actuelles de certains outils, comme les blogs ou les wikis, et des pratiques de tagging dans un contexte d’Entreprise 2.0. Nous proposons ensuite la methode SemSLATES et la vision globale d’une architecture de mediation reposant sur les standards du Web Semantique (langages, modeles, outils et protocoles) pour pallier a ces limites. Nous detaillons par la suite differentes ontologies (au sens informatique) developpees pour mener a bien cette vision : d’une part, en contribuant activement au projet SIOC - Semantically-Interlinked Online Communities -, des modeles destines aux meta-donnees socio-structurelles, d’autre part des modeles, etendant des ontologies publiques, destines aux donnees metier. De plus, la definition de l’ontologie MOAT - Meaning Of A Tag - nous permet de coupler la souplesse du tagging et la puissance de l'indexation a base d’ontologies. Nous revenons ensuite sur differentes implementations logicielles que nous avons mises en place a EDF R&D pour permettre de maniere intuitive la production et l'utilisation d'annotations semantiques afin d’enrichir les outils initiaux : wikis semantiques, interfaces avancees de visualisation (navigation a facettes, mash-up semantique, etc.) et moteur de recherche semantique. Plusieurs contributions ont ete publiees sous forme d'ontologies publiques ou de logiciels libres, contribuant de maniere plus large a cette convergence entre Web 2.0 et Web Semantique non seulement en entreprise mais sur le Web dans son ensemble.

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