Formulations for modeling voltage sources with RLC Impedances in the FDTD method

─ Voltage sources are modeled with constant resistive internal impedances when simulated in the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method in most of the applications. However, some applications, such as an RFID tag antenna in radiation mode, require modeling of voltage sources with frequency dependent complex impedances. If the frequency dependent behavior of the complex impedance of a voltage source follows that of an RLC circuit, the voltage source can be modeled with an RLC internal impedance in the FDTD method for wide-band simulations. This paper presents FDTD formulations to model a voltage source with an RLC impedance for the cases where the RLC circuit is a series or a parallel connected RL, RC, or an RLC configuration. Index Terms ─ Finite-difference time-domain method, impedance modeling, source modeling.

[1]  Om P. Gandhi,et al.  A frequency-dependent finite-difference time-domain formulation for general dispersive media , 1993 .

[2]  Q. X. Chu,et al.  FDTD Modeling of Arbitrary Linear Lumped Networks Using Piecewise Linear Recursive Convolution Technique , 2007 .

[3]  Roberto Sorrentino,et al.  A new algorithm for the incorporation of arbitrary linear lumped networks into FDTD simulators , 1999 .

[4]  Tzong-Lin Wu,et al.  A novel approach for the incorporation of arbitrary linear lumped network into FDTD method , 2004 .

[5]  Masao Taki,et al.  An improved FDTD model for the feeding gap of a thin-wire antenna , 1998 .

[6]  Douglas A. Christensen,et al.  A general formulation for connecting sources and passive lumped-circuit elements across multiple 3-D FDTD cells , 1996 .

[7]  Ichiro Fukai,et al.  A treatment by the FD‐TD method of the dispersive characteristics associated with electronic polarization , 1990 .

[8]  M. A. Stuchly,et al.  Simple treatment of multi-term dispersion in FDTD , 1997 .

[9]  Allen Taflove,et al.  FD-TD modeling of digital signal propagation in 3-D circuits with passive and active loads , 1994 .

[10]  W. Menzel,et al.  Full-wave design and optimization of MM-wave diode-based circuits in finline technique , 1999, 1999 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (Cat. No.99CH36282).

[11]  W. Marsden.  I and J , 2012 .

[12]  A Taflove,et al.  Direct time integration of Maxwell's equations in linear dispersive media with absorption for scattering and propagation of femtosecond electromagnetic pulses. , 1991, Optics letters.

[13]  M. Kivikoski,et al.  A stabilized resistive voltage source for FDTD thin-wire models , 2003 .

[14]  Atef Z. Elsherbeni,et al.  The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method for Electromagnetics with MATLAB® Simulations , 2015 .

[15]  V. S. Reddy,et al.  An improved extended FDTD formulation for active microwave circuits , 1999 .

[16]  Jacques Citerne,et al.  Correction procedures for the numerical parasitic elements associated with lumped elements in global electromagnetic simulators , 1998 .

[17]  Linda P. B. Katehi,et al.  Some aspects of stability and numerical dissipation of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique including passive and active lumped elements , 2002 .

[18]  Keijo Nikoskinen,et al.  Rigorous analysis of circuit parameter extraction from an FDTD simulation excited with a resistive voltage source , 1996 .

[19]  C. Durney,et al.  Extending the two-dimensional FDTD method to hybrid electromagnetic systems with active and passive lumped elements , 1992 .

[20]  Y. Takayama,et al.  Reinterpretation of the auxiliary differential equation method for FDTD , 2002, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.

[21]  Hyun-Kyo Jung,et al.  Linear lumped loads in the FDTD method using piecewise linear recursive convolution method , 2006, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.

[22]  Chien-Chung Wang,et al.  An Efficient Scheme for Processing Arbitrary Lumped Multiport Devices in the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.